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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Profession-Oriented School</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Profession-Oriented School</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Профильная школа</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1998-0744</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">101226</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1998-0744-2025-13-3-30-35</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Цифровая образовательная среда</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>The digital learning environment</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Цифровая образовательная среда</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The Impact of Creating 3D Objects Using Block Codes on Spatial and Computational Thinking Skills</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Влияние создания 3D-объектов с использованием блочных кодов на навыки пространственного и вычислительного мышления</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Рзаева</surname>
       <given-names>Н. О.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rzaeva</surname>
       <given-names>N. O.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nuray1993.n@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Нахчыванский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>Азербайджан</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Nakhchivan State University</institution>
     <country>Azerbaijan</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10T00:02:41+03:00">
    <day>10</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10T00:02:41+03:00">
    <day>10</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>13</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>30</fpage>
   <lpage>35</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-14T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>14</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/101226/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/101226/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В современном цифровом мире развитие пространственного и вычислительного мышления становится ключевым аспектом образования. Статья посвящена изучению влияния создания 3D-объектов с помощью визуальных блочных языков программирования (таких как Tinkercad Blocks, Blockly или Scratch) на формирование этих навыков. В статье рассматриваются связь между визуальным программированием и развитием пространственного мышления; роль блочных кодов в формировании вычислительного мышления (алгоритмизация, декомпозиция, абстракция); практические аспекты применения 3D-моделирования в образовательных целях. Современное образование активно интегрирует цифровые технологии, уделяя особое внимание развитию навыков, востребованных в STEM-дисциплинах. В статье исследуется, как процесс создания 3D-моделей через визуальное блочное программирование (например, в средах Tinkercad Blocks, Blockly или Scratch) влияет на формирование пространственного и вычислительного мышления у школьников и студентов. При этом пространственное мышление определяется как способность обучающегося мысленно представлять, преобразовывать и анализировать объекты в трехмерном пространстве (эти способности играют ключевую роль в инженерии, архитектуре, дизайне и программировании). Аналогично, вычислительное мышление (computational thinking) включает алгоритмизацию, декомпозицию задач, распознавание паттернов и абстрактное мышление, что является основой для изучения информатики и смежных дисциплин. В исследовании рассматриваются механизмы влияния блочного программирования на когнитивные навыки: как работа с 3D-объектами в визуальной среде развивает понимание геометрии, проекций и масштабирования; роль алгоритмических конструкций (циклы, условия, функции) в структурировании пространственного мышления; практические образовательные методики: примеры заданий, сочетающих 3D-моделирование и программирование; анализ сложностей, с которыми сталкиваются учащиеся, и способы их преодоления; сравнение с традиционными подходами: преимущества блочных языков перед текстовым программированием на начальных этапах обучения; эффективность 3D-моделирования по сравнению с 2D-аналогами. Исследование может быть полезно педагогам, методистам и разработчикам образовательных программ, направленных на развитие STEM-навыков у обучающихся.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In the modern digital world, the development of spatial and computational thinking is becoming a key aspect of education. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of creating 3D objects using visual block programming languages (such as Tinkercad Blocks, Blockly or Scratch) on the formation of these skills. In this aspect, the article considers: the relationship between visual programming and the development of spatial thinking; the role of block codes in the formation of computational thinking (algorithmization, decomposition, abstraction); practical aspects of using 3D modeling for educational purposes. Modern education actively integrates digital technologies, paying special attention to the development of skills in demand in STEM disciplines. In this context, the article examines how the process of creating 3D models through visual block programming (for example, in the Tinkercad Blocks, Blockly or Scratch environments) affects the formation of spatial and computational thinking in schoolchildren and students. Spatial thinking is defined as the ability of a student to mentally represent, transform and analyze objects in three-dimensional space (these abilities play a key role in engineering, architecture, design and programming). Similarly, computational thinking includes algorithmization, problem decomposition, pattern recognition and abstract thinking, which is the basis for studying computer science and related disciplines. In this aspect, the study examines: 1. Mechanisms of the influence of block programming on cognitive skills: how working with 3D objects in a visual environment develops an understanding of geometry, projections and scaling; the role of algorithmic structures (loops, conditions, functions) in structuring spatial thinking. 2. Practical educational methods: examples of tasks combining 3D modeling and programming; analysis of the difficulties faced by students and ways to overcome them. 3. Comparison with traditional approaches: advantages of block languages over text programming at the initial stages of training; efficiency of 3D modeling compared to 2D analogs. The study can be useful for teachers, methodologists and developers of educational programs aimed at developing STEM skills in students.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>вычислительное мышление</kwd>
    <kwd>пространственное мышление</kwd>
    <kwd>блочное кодирование</kwd>
    <kwd>TinkerCAD</kwd>
    <kwd>3D-дизайн</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>somputational thinking</kwd>
    <kwd>spatial thinking</kwd>
    <kwd>block coding</kwd>
    <kwd>TinkerCAD</kwd>
    <kwd>3D design</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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