Forestry Engineering Journal Forestry Engineering Journal Лесотехнический журнал 2222-7962 104698 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2025.3/15 Технологии. Машины и оборудование TECHNOLOGIES. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Технологии. Машины и оборудование The effect of maneuvering the propulsion of a wheeled forestry vehicle on its maneuverability in difficult geotechnical conditions Влияние маневрирования движителя колесной лесной машины на ее проходимость в сложных геотехнических условиях Шапиро Владимир Яковлевич Shapiro Vladimir Yakovlevich Григорьев Игорь В. Grigor'ev Igor' V. Савченко Станислав И. Savchenko Stanislav I. Тихонов Евгений А. Tihonov Evgeniy A. Ревяко Сергей И. Revyako Sergey I. Перфильев Павел Н. Perfil'ev Pavel N. ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова» Россия ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова» Russian Federation 25 09 2025 25 09 2025 15 3 228 244 14 02 2025 15 09 2025 http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/228-244.pdf

Проведенное исследование направлено на решение актуальной научно-практической проблемы экс-плуатации лесозаготовительной техники на переувлажненных почвах, которые характерны для более чем 60% территории лесного фонда Российской Федерации. Разработана комплексная математическая модель форми-рования касательных напряжений в грунтовом массиве при маневрировании движителя с учетом ключевых параметров: угла поворота θ, веса машины и физико-механических свойств грунта. В ходе исследования установлены новые критерии эффективности сдвига межколейного массива грун-та, основанные на аналитическом соотношении импульсов силы сдвига и массы сдвигаемого грунта. Прове-денный численный анализ демонстрирует, что целенаправленное маневрирование с углами поворота 15-20° и более позволяет обеспечить эффективное разрушение межколейного пространства даже при критической влажности грунта до 35%. Особое внимание уделено анализу циклического воздействия техники на грунт при многократных про-ходах. Разработаны практические рекомендации по оптимизации режимов работы операторов лесных машин, включая выбор углов маневрирования и траекторий движения в зависимости от влажности грунта и числа проходов. Полученные результаты имеют значительную практическую ценность для лесозаготовительной от-расли, позволяя снизить экологический ущерб от повреждения почвенного покрова на 20-25% и повысить эксплуатационную эффективность техники на 15-20% за счет сокращения простоев и увеличения межремонтных периодов эксплуатации.

The conducted research is aimed at solving the urgent scientific and practical problem of the operation of log-ging equipment on waterlogged soils, which are typical for more than 60% of the territory of the forest fund of the Rus-sian Federation. A complex mathematical model has been developed for the formation of tangential stresses in a soil mass during propulsion maneuvering, taking into account key parameters: the angle of rotation, the weight of the ma-chine, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. In the course of the study, new criteria for the effectiveness of shifting the inter-track mass of soil were estab-lished, based on the analytical ratio of the shear force pulses and the mass of the shifted soil. The numerical analysis demonstrates that targeted maneuvering with rotation angles of 15-20° or more makes it possible to ensure effective destruction of the inter-track space even at critical ground humidity up to 35%. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the cyclic effect of machinery on the ground during multiple passes. Practical recommendations have been developed to optimize the operating modes of forest machinery operators, in-cluding the choice of maneuvering angles and driving trajectories depending on soil moisture and the number of passes. The results obtained have significant practical value for the logging industry, making it possible to reduce envi-ronmental damage from soil cover damage by 20-25% and increase the operational efficiency of machinery by 15-20% by reducing downtime and increasing maintenance periods.

 лесные машины маневрирование лесных машин деформация почвогрунта образование колеи геотехнические условия forest machinery maneuvering of forest machinery soil deformation track formation geotechnical conditions материалы исследования получены за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-16-00092, https://rscf.ru/project/23-16-00092/. The research materials were obtained through a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-16-00092, https://rscf.ru/project/23-16-00092 /.

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