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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113881</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-121202611</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">ggxljn</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">A semi-empirical approximate method for studying some issues of aeronomy of the ionospheric D-region. III. Detailed analysis of the photochemistry of the environment under conditions of increased ionization</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Полуэмпирический приближенный метод исследования некоторых вопросов аэрономии области D ионосферы. III: Детальный анализ фотохимии среды в условиях повышенного уровня ионизации</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Козлов</surname>
       <given-names>Станислав Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kozlov</surname>
       <given-names>Stanislav Ivanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>s_kozlov@inbox.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ляхов</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lyakhov</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>alyakhov@idg.chph.ras.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Николайшвили</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Шотаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nikolaishvily</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Shotaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ser58ge@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яким</surname>
       <given-names>Валентин Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yakim</surname>
       <given-names>Valentin Vasilyevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>12-220@list.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский испытательный центр ЦНИИ ВКС МО РФ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Aerospace Forces, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт прикладной геофизики имени академика Е.К. Федорова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25T13:15:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25T13:15:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>12</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>107</fpage>
   <lpage>114</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/113881/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/113881/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В рамках предложенного ранее полуэмпирического метода (Козлов и др., 2022; Козлов, Николайшвили, 2024), представляющего из себя достаточно простую математическую модель (систему из пяти алгебраических уравнений для расчета концентраций первичных и кластерных положительных ионов, первичного и сложных отрицательных ионов, а также электронной плотности), выполнены расчеты аэрономических параметров ионосферы, определяющих поведение области D в условиях повышенного уровня ионизации (солнечные протонные события (СПС) 2–5 ноября 1969 г. и высотный ядерный взрыв (ВЯВ), проведенный в 1962 г.). &#13;
Детальный анализ полученных значений параметров показал, что результаты расчетов не противоречат общепринятым фотохимическим механизмам, имеющим место в рассматриваемых условиях СПС и ВЯВ. Определены основные тенденции в изменениях этих параметров. Сделан вывод о возможности использования полуэмпирического метода   в различных гелиогеофизических условиях и необходимости разработки модели для переходного времени суток (утренних и вечерних сумерек), а также намечены некоторые возможные направления дальнейших исследований.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Using the previously proposed semi-empirical method (Kozlov et al., 2022; Kozlov, Nikolaishvili, 2024), which is a fairly simple mathematical model (a system of five algebraic equations for calculating the concentrations of primary and cluster positive ions, primary and complex negative ions, as well as the electron density), we have calculated the ionospheric parameters that determine the behavior of the D-region under conditions of increased ionization (Solar Proton Events (SPE) on November 2–5, 1969, and the High-altitude Nuclear Explosion (HNE) conducted in 1962).&#13;
Detailed analysis of the obtained parameter values has shown that the calculation results do not contradict the generally accepted photochemical mechanisms occurring under the SPE and HNE conditions considered. We identified the main trends in the changes of these parameters. A conclusion is made about the possibility of using the semi-empirical method in various heliogeophysical conditions and the need to develop a model for the transitional time of day (morning and evening twilight), and some possible directions for further research are outlined.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>нижняя ионосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>запуск ракет</kwd>
    <kwd>аэрономия</kwd>
    <kwd>обратная задача</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>lower ionosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>missile launch</kwd>
    <kwd>aeronomy</kwd>
    <kwd>inverse problem</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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