Russian Federation
This article is devoted to current issues in the recent history of the Russian Cossacks, specifically the revival of the Cossacks and the perpetuation of the memory of not only their glorious historical events, exploits, and victories, but also their tragedies. First of all, such black events for the Cossacks as the tragedies of the Russian Civil War – the death of the Imperial Family and the Russian Empire, the beginning of the genocide of the Cossacks, initiated by the Bolsheviks on the Don and then spreading throughout the territory of Soviet Russia, the events of 1920 – the so-called "Novorossiysk catastrophe", the Great Exodus (the departure of the Russian Army of General Baron P.N. Wrangel into exile), the unsuccessful landing on Kuban, various kinds of Cossack uprisings. The events of World War II also touch on the extradition of Cossacks who had previously served in German military formations in Lienz, Judenburg, and other European locations in 1945. Based on a review of existing commemorative plaques on this topic, as well as an analysis of the information field covering the life of modern Cossack organizations, the author concludes that modern representatives of such organizations (with rare exceptions) are rather lukewarm about these tragic commemorative dates. This is explained by a number of factors, such as a refusal to identify themselves as a Cossack subethnos of the Russian people, non-Cossack origins, a lack of a Cossack mentality and ingrained roots in Cossack history and culture, a pro-Soviet upbringing, politicization, and involvement in leftist ideology, among other ideas alien to the original indigenous Cossacks.
Cossacks, tragedies of the Cossacks in the 20th century, memorial signs, genocide of the Cossacks, extradition of the Cossacks in 1945, defeats of the Cossacks in the Civil War, revival of the Cossacks, modern Cossack phaleristics
1. Alekseev V.V. Gibel' carskoy sem'i: Mify i real'nost'. – Ekaterinburg: Institut istorii i arheologii URO RAN, 1993. – 286 s. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RTQXRH
2. Bogaevskiy B.A. 1812 god (otryvok) // Stepnye rycari Rossii! Sost. K.N. Hohul'nikov. — Rostov-na-Donu: Informacionno-izdatel'skiy centr «DONChAK», 2005. S. 195 – 196.
3. Bonz K.V., Kotov S.N. Uchastie zhiteley sela kaz'minskogo v podavlenii vystupleniya kazakov v stanice Otradnoy letom 1918 goda v hode "Troickogo vosstaniya" // Kavkazskiy dialog. Materialy IX mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, Nevinnomyssk, 30 noyabrya 2018 goda. — Nevinnomyssk: Nevinnomysskiy gosudarstvennyy gumanitarno-tehnicheskiy institut, 2018. S. 79 – 87. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AFEQSC
4. Bochkov P.V. Nagradnaya simvolika obschestvennoy organizacii «Konvoy Svyatogo Carya Strastoterpca» (g. Sestroreck, Rossiya) // Istoricheskaya pamyat' i duhovnyy opyt formirovaniya rossiyskoy gosudarstvennosti: sbornik trudov (k 80-y godovschine Pobedy v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne) (g. Kostroma, 19 sentyabrya 2025 goda) / sost. N.V. Ganzha, O.V. Plyusnina, I.N. Mel'nikov, D.N. Lukoyanov, L.A. Hlestakova; otv. red. G.G. Bril'. — Kostroma: Kostromskoy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2025. S. 362 – 372.
5. Bochkov P.V. Nagrady Soyuza kazakov Rossii i faleristika vozrozhdennogo Kazachestva 1990 – 2025 gg.: problemy, perspektivy, itogi // Zhurnal istoricheskih issledovaniy. — M., 2025. — T. 10. № 4. S. 15 – 27. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MKITVY
6. Bochkov P.V., svyasch. Obraz svyatogo carstvennogo strastoterpca Nikolaya II v otechestvennoy faleristike konca XX – nachala XXI vv. // Vestnik Orenburgskoy duhovnoy seminarii. — Orenburg: Orenburgskaya duhovnaya seminariya, 2025. — № 2 (35). S. 174 – 218.
7. Bochkov P.V., svyasch. Chernyy krest. Pamyatnye memorial'nye znaki Belogo dvizheniya, emigrantskih i patrioticheskih organizaciy v otechestvennoy i zarubezhnoy faleristike HH – HHI vv. — Sankt-Peterburg: Svoe izdatel'stvo, 2024. – 106 s.
8. Velikiy Sibirskiy Ledyanoy pohod. Sostavlenie, nauchnaya redakciya, predislovie i kommentarii d.i.n. S.V. Volkova. — M.: ZAO Centropoligraf, 2004. – 718 s.
9. Velichko A.M., Velichko A.A. Kazachiy medal'er Tyumeni. — Grodno: Krokus, 2014. – 64 s.
10. Velichko A.M., Velichko A.A. Nagrady i znaki Sibirskogo kazach'ego voyska. Pod red. G.S. Zayceva. — Minsk: Printaut, 2014. – 196 s.
11. Vsevelikoe voysko Donskoe // Str. 3 // Nagrady i nagrudnye znaki sovremennogo kazachestva [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://cossac-awards.narod.ru/VVD_files/VVD3.html – Data dostupa: 15.01.2026.
12. Eliseev F.I. Velikaya sila // Stepnye rycari Rossii! Sost. K.N. Hohul'nikov. — Rostov-na-Donu: Informacionno-izdatel'skiy centr «DONChAK», 2005. S. 327 – 331.
13. Zakon RSFSR «O reabilitacii repressirovannyh narodov» № 11107-1 ot 26.04.1991. t. 2. // Rossiyskoe kazachestvo. Nauchno-spravochnoe izdanie. Otv. red. T.V. Tabolina. — M., 2003. S. 765 – 766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713855999
14. Kuznecov G. Kazach'ya naciya. Mezhdu proshlym i buduschim // Kazach'ya naciya. Mezhdu proshlym i buduschim. — B.m., b.g. S. 3 – 5.
15. Kuricyn I.I. Donskoe kazachestvo i Rossiya // Stepnye rycari Rossii! Sost. K.N. Hohul'nikov. — Rostov-na-Donu: Informacionno-izdatel'skiy centr «DONChAK», 2005. S. 151 – 161.
16. Lysenko N.N. Genocid kazakov v Sovetskoy Rossii i SSSR: 1918 – 1933 gg. Opyt etnopoliticheskogo issledovaniya. – 2-e izd., stereotip. — Podol'sk: Muzey-Memorial «Donskie kazaki v bor'be s bol'shevikami», 2023. – 636 s.
17. Marshalko E.V., Magomedova E.V. Tragicheskaya sud'ba Kubanskogo kazachestva vo vremya grazhdanskoy voyny (na primere Troickogo vosstaniya 1918 G. V Labinskom rayone) // Aktual'nye voprosy stanovleniya rossiyskoy gosudarstvennosti: genezis, problemy, tendencii. Materialy regional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii studentov i molodyh uchenyh s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, Taganrog, 31 maya 2019 goda. — Taganrog: Izdatel'sko-poligraficheskiy kompleks RGEU (RINH), 2019. S. 249 – 254. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BXJWRZ
18. Medal' " v pamyat' 90-letiya evakuacii Russkoy Armii iz Kryma" // Nagrady i nagrudnye znaki sovremennogo kazachestva [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://cossac-awards.narod.ru/Znaki_bez_voisk_files/Krym_evakuatsiya.html – Data dostupa: 15.01.2026.
19. Miller M.A., prof. V chem slava kazach'ya? // Stepnye rycari Rossii! Sost. K.N. Hohul'nikov. — Rostov-na-Donu: Informacionno-izdatel'skiy centr «DONChAK», 2005. S. 178 – 179.
20. Naumenko V.G. Velikove predatel'stvo. Strelyanov (Kalabuhov) P.N. Kak pogibali kazaki. Nauchn. red. Predislovie, kommentarii, im. uk., podbor ill., P.N. Strelyanov (Kalabuhov). — M.: Posev, 2009. – 544 s.
21. Ob uchrezhdenii medali «V pamyat' 80-letiya Beloy bor'by» // Nashi Vesti. — San-Francisko, 1998. — № 453/2754. S. 2 – 3.
22. Okorokov V.A. Znaki russkoy emigracii 1920 – 1990. — M.: Collectors book. 2005. – 174 s.
23. Otkrytie pamyatnika grenaderam 1-go Partizanskogo generala Alekseeva polka (k 100-letiyu Ulagaevskogo desanta) // Dvoryanskoe Sobranie Kubani [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://kubannobility.ru/news/04-08-2020-otkrytie-pamyatnika-grenaderam-1-go-partizanskogo-generala-alekseeva-polka-k-100-letiyu-ulagaevskogo-desanta/ – Data dostupa: 15.01.2026.
24. Pamyatnye kresty i medal' // Vestnik kazach'ego muzeya. — Lienz, Österreich, 2020. — № 15, sentyabr' 2020. S.16.
25. Puchenkov A.S. Antibol'shevistskoe dvizhenie na Kubani v nachale grazhdanskoy voyny (noyabr' 1917 g. – mart 1918 g.): k istorii otryada generala V.L. Pokrovskogo // Noveyshaya istoriya Rossii. — Sankt-Peterburg, 2013. — № 3(8). S. 98 – 111. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RORFPB
26. Tablica 1. Nacional'nyy sostav naseleniya // Tom 5. Nacional'nyy sostav i vladenie yazykami // Itogi Vserossiyskoy perepisi naseleniya 2020 goda // Vserossiyskaya perepis' naseleniya 2020 goda // Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki [Elektronnyy resurs]. – 2026. – Rezhim dostupa: https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom5_Nacionalnyj_sostav_i_vladenie_yazykami – Data dostupa: 20.01.2026.
27. Tragediya Lienca // Str. 2 // Nagrady i nagrudnye znaki sovremennogo kazachestva [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://cossac-awards.narod.ru/VVD_files/VVD3.html – Data dostupa: 15.01.2026.
28. Troickoe vosstanie: 100 let labinskaya zemlya hranit pamyat' // Informacionnyy portal "Lab-Media" [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://labinskmedia.ru/2018/06/04/troitskoe-vosstanie-100-let-labinskaya-zemlya-hranit-pamyat/ – Data dostupa: 15.01.2026.
29. Turoverov N.N. «Chem zhil vo sne i grezil na yavu…». Polnoe sobranie sochineniy. — Podol'sk: Muzey antibol'shevistskogo soprotivleniya, 2022. – 464 s.
30. Udostoverenie k yubileynoy medali «Stoletie Russkoy Golgofy» № 288 ot 17 iyulya 2018 g. na imya V.A. Usova. Avtografy. Pechat' Nagradnogo komiteta Voyskovoy Pravoslavnoy Missii. Original // Arhiv avtora.
31. Udostoverenie k medali v pamyat' svyatogo Nikolaya Strastoterpca [2024 g.]. Original. Na 1 l. // Arhiv avtora.
32. Falaleev M. Lyubo! Gospolitika v otnoshenii kazachestva obretaet zakonodatel'nuyu bazu // Rossiyskaya gazeta. [Elektronnyy resurs]. – 2026. – Rezhim dostupa: https://rg.ru/2010/05/26/kazaki.html – Data dostupa: 20.01.2026.
33. Chichikalov A.S, Chichikalov A.A. Ordena i znaki otlichiya Belogo dvizheniya. — M., 2004. – 72 s.
34. Yubileynaya medal' «V pamyat' 100-letiya nachala Pervoy mirovoy voyny» // Duhovno-prosvetitel'skiy centr Sestrorecka [Elektronnyy resurs]. – 2025. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.sestroretsk.com/400-letiju-doma-romanovykh/15565/ – Data dostupa: 20.09.2025.
