Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project ManagementScientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project ManagementНаучные исследования и разработки. Российский журнал управления проектами2587-62791197110.12737/19818Социально-психологические аспекты управления проектамиPsychosocial aspects of project managementСоциально-психологические аспекты управления проектамиSocio-psychological determinants of organizational change projects success on the example of the textile industry enterprise of medium business. Part 1.Социально-психологические детерминанты проектов организационных изменений на примере предприятия среднего бизнеса текстильной промышленности. Часть 1ВолковОлег СергеевичVolkovOleg Сергеевичid.volkovos@gmail.comТищенкоОльга ЭдуардовнаTishchenkoOlga Eduardovnaolga1-2-3@yandex.ruКамышеваСофья АлексеевнаKamyshevaSofya АлексеевнаKamysheva_s@mail.ruНИУ ВШЭРоссияNRU HSERussian Federation1706201617062016523140https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/11971/view
Статья посвящена проблеме сопротивления организационным изменениям. Цель исследования — выявить зависимости между личностными
характеристиками участников проектов организационных изменений,
психологической готовностью сотрудников подразделений, вовлеченных в проект, способами разрешения конфликтов и эффективностью
проекта. Результаты имеют практическое значение для повышения
успеха проектов организационных изменений и аналогичных проектов
с высокой степенью неопределенности либо требующих интеллектуального человеческого ресурса для решения когнитивных задач.
The article is devoted to a problem of resistance to organizational changes
An objective of this research is to detect interdependence between personal
characteristics of organizational change projects participants, psychological
readiness of staff of the divisions involved in the project of organizational
transformations, ways of conflict permission and efficiency of the realized
projects. The results have practical value for increase of organizational
change projects implementation success, and also similar projects with
high degree of uncertainty, or the projects demanding an intellectual human
resource for the solution of cognitive tasks.
управление проектами организационных измене-
нийсопротивление изменениямуправление конфликтамисоциально-психологические основы управления проектами.management of organizational change projectsresistance to
changeconflict managementsocio-psychological foundations of project
management.
ВведениеВ последнее время наблюдается рост интереса к вопросам организационных изменений. В этой области изучаются такие вопросы, как типология организационных изменений. Так, разрабатываются типологии организационных изменений и модели их внедрения [15; 32], изучается связь управления проектом и управления изменениями [16; 17; 21; 22; 29; 30; 33; 39; 41–43; 46–48]. Также изучается социально-психологический аспект управления изменениями в проектах, в частности, с точки зрения сопротивления изменениям [6; 10; 13; 14; 31; 38; 44; 51; 53; 55]. Важным направлением, к которому в последнее время наблюдается возрастающий интерес, является изучение социально-психологических характеристик проектных работников [3–5; 7; 12; 24; 52]. Кроме того, изучаются конфликты как следствие изменений и их влияние на результаты деятельности проектной команды [1; 2; 8; 11; 19; 23; 25–27; 34; 35; 45; 49; 50; 55]. Данное исследование продолжает изучение социально-психологического аспекта управления проектами, связанного с изменениями, и предполагает выявление взаимозависимостей между личностными характеристиками участников проектов организационных изменений, психологической готовностью сотрудников подразделений, вовлеченных в проект организационных преобразований, способами разрешения конфликтных ситуаций и эффективностью реализуемых проектов.
Багратиони К.А. Психологический подход к конфликт-менеджменту проектов: типология, причины, управление. Ч. 1 [Текст] / К.А. Багратиони // Управление проектами и программами. - 2011. - № 3. - С. 210-219.Bagrationi K.A. Psikhologicheskiy podkhod k konfliktmenedzhmentu proektov: tipologiya, prichiny, upravlenie Ch. 1 [A psychological approach to conflict management projects typology, causes, management, Part 1]. Upravlenie proektami i programmami [Project and Program Management]. 2011, I. 3, pp. 210-219.Багратиони К.А. Психологический подход к конфликт-менеджменту проектов: типология, причины, управление. Ч. 2 [Текст] / К.А. Багратиони //Управление проектами и программами. - 2011. - № 4. - С. 280-290.Bagrationi K.A. Psikhologicheskiy podkhod k konfliktmenedzhmentu proektov: tipologiya, prichiny, upravlenie. Ch. 2 [A psychological approach to conflict management projects typology, causes, management. Part 2], Upravlenie proektami i programmami [Project and Program Management]. 2011, I. 4, pp. 280-290.Багратиони К.А. Управление изменениями: факторы, влияющие на успех проекта [Электронный ресурс] // Российский журнал управления проектами. - 2013. - № 4. - С. 56-64. - DOI: 10.12737/1962.Bagrationi K.A. Upravlenie izmeneniyami: faktory, vliyayushchie na uspekh proekta [Change management: factors affecting the success of the project]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal upravleniya proektami [Russian Journal of Project Management]. 2013, I. 4, pp. 56-64. DOI: 10.12737/1962.Багратиони К.А. Управление рисками в проектах: психологический подход. Ч. 1 [Текст] / К.А. Багратиони, С.А. Решетко, М.А. Кирина // Проблемы теории и практики управления. - 2015. - № 5. - С. 100-107.Bagrationi K.A., Reshetko S.A., Kirina M.A. Upravlenie riskami v proektakh: psikhologicheskiy podkhod. Ch. 1 [Risk management in projects: a psychological approach. Part 1]. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniya [Problems of the theory and practice of management]. 2015, I. 5, pp. 100-107.Багратиони К.А. Управление рисками в проектах: психологический подход. Ч. 2 [Текст] / К.А. Багратиони, С.А. Решетко, М.А. Кирина // Проблемы теории и практики управления. - 2015. - № 6. - С. 75-85.Bagrationi K.A., Reshetko S.A., Kirina M.A. Upravlenie riskami v proektakh: psikhologicheskiy podkhod. Ch. 2 [Risk management in projects: a psychological approach. Part 2]. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniya [Problems of the theory and practice of management]. 2015, I. 6, pp. 75-85.Лебедев А.Н. Инкорпоративность группы как фактор сопротивления изменениям в организации [Текст] / А.Н. Лебедев, К.А. Багратиони // Управление проектами и программами. - 2013. - № 1. - С. 62-68.Lebedev A.N., Bagrationi K.A. Inkorporativnost´ gruppy kak faktor soprotivleniya izmeneniyam v organizatsii. [Incorporative group as the factor of resistance to change within the organization]. Upravlenie proektami i programmami [Project and Program Management]. 2013, I. 1, pp. 62-68.Прилипко А.Г. Подходы и средства для управления проектами НИОКР [Текст] / А.Г. Прилипко, К.А. Багратиони // Информационные технологии и вычислительные системы. - 2015. - № 1. - С. 69-76.Prilipko A.G., Bagrationi K.A. Podkhody i sredstva dlya upravleniya proektami NIOKR [Approaches and tools for R & D project management]. Informatsionnye tekhnologii i vychislitel´nye sistemy [Information technologies and computer systems]. 2015, I. 1, pp. 69-76.Разу М.Л. Управление программами и проектами: 17-модульная программа для менеджеров «Управление развитием организации». Модуль 8 [Текст] / М.Л. Разу, В.И. Воропаев, Ю.В. Якутин. - М.: ИНФРА-М, 2000. - 320 с.Razu M.L. Upravlenie programmami i proektami: 17-modul´naya programma dlya menedzherov "Upravlenie razvitiem organizatsii". Modul´ 8. [Programme and project management: the 17-modular program for managers "Management of organization". Module 8]. M, INFRA-M Publ., 2000. 320 p.Хромов А.Б. Пятифакторный опросник личности: учебно-методическое пособие [Текст] / А.Б. Хромов. - Курган: Изд-во Курганского государственного университета, 2000. - 23 с.Khromov A.B. Pyatifaktornyy oprosnik lichnosti [Five-factor personality questionnaire: teaching manual]. Kurgan, Izd-vo Kurganskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Publ., 2000. 23 p.Ципес Г.Л. Менеджмент проектов в практике современной компании [Текст] / Г.Л. Ципес, А.С. Товб. - М.: Олимп, 2006. - 304 с.Tsipes G.L. Menedzhment proektov v praktike sovremennoy kompanii [Project Management in the practice of modern companies]. Moscow, Olimp Publ., 2006. 304 p.Amason A.C. Good and Bad Conflict in Strategic Decision Making. Strategic Decisions, Springer US. 1997. P. 51-63.Amason A.C. (1997). Good and Bad Conflict in Strategic Decision Making. Strategic Decisions, Springer US, 51-63.Barrick M.R., Mount M.K., Judge T.A. Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? // International Journal of Selection and Assessment. 2001. No. 9. P. 9-30.Barrick M. R., Mount M. K., Judge T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 9-30.Bolognese A. Employee Resistance to Organizational Change. Winthrop University, Rock Hill, 2002.Bolognese A. (2002). Employee Resistance to Organizational Change. Winthrop University, Rock Hill.Burnes B., Cooke B. The past, present and future of organization development: taking the long view // Human Relations. 2012. Vol. 65. No. 11. P. 1395-1429.Burnes B., Cooke B. (2012). The past, present and future of organization development: taking the long view. Human Relations, Vol. 65, No. 11, 1395-1429.Chapman J.A. A framework for transformational change in organizations // Leadership and Organization Development Journal. 2002. No. 23/1. P. 16-25.Chapman J.A. (2002). A framework for transformational change in organizations. Leadership and organization development journal, 23/1, 16-25.Choi M. Employees´ attitudes toward organizational change: a literature review // Hum. Resour. Manag. 2011. No. 4. P. 479-500.Choi M. (2011). Employees´ attitudes toward organizational change: a literature review. Hum. Resour. Manag., 50 (4), 479-500.Cicmil S. Implementing organizational change projects: impediments and gaps // Strateg. Chang. 1999. No. 2. P. 119-129.Cicmil, S. Implementing organizational change projects: impediments and gaps. Strateg. Chang., 8 (2) (1999), pp. 119-129.Colquitt J.A. On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2001. No. 86. P. 386-400.Colquitt J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386-400.Cooke-Davies T. The «real» success factors on projects // International Journal of Project Management. 2002. No. 20. P. 185-190.Cooke-Davies T. (2002). The ´´real´´ success factors on projects. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 185-190.Coser K. The functions of Social Conflict. Glencoe IL, Fre Press, 1956.Coser K. (1956).The functions of Social Conflict. Glencoe IL, Fre Press,Costa P.T. Jr., McCrae R.R. NEO PI-R professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, 1992.Costa P.T., Jr., McCrae R.R. (1992). NEO PI-R professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa.Crawford L., Aitken A., Hassner-Nahmias A.H. Project Management and Organizational Change. Project Management Institute, Inc., Newtown Square, PA, 2014.Crawford L., Aitken A., Hassner-NahmiasA.. (2014). Project Management and Organizational Change. Project Management Institute, Inc., Newtown Square, PA.Crawford L., Hassner-Nahmias A.H. Competencies for managing change // International Journal of Project Management. 2010. No. 4. P. 405-412.Crawford L., Hassner-Nahmias, A.H. (2010). Competencies for managing change. International Journal Of Project Management, 28 (4), 405-412.De Dreu C., Van Vianen A. Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2001. No. 3. P. 309-328.De Dreu C., Van Vianen A. (2001). Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22/3, 309-328.De Mascia S. Project psychology: using psychological models and techniques to create a successful project. Gower, 2012.De Mascia S. (2012). Project psychology: using psychological models and techniques to create a successful project. Gower, 2012.Deutsch M. Conflicts: Productive and Destructive // Journal of Social Issues. 1969. No. 25, P. 7-41.Deutsch M. (1969). Conflicts: Productive and Destructive. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 7-41.Deutsch M. The Resolution of Conflict. Constructive and Destructive Processes. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1973.Deutsch M. (1973). The Resolution of Conflict. Constructive and Destructive Processes. Yale University Press, New Haven.Evan W. Conflict and Performances in R&D organizations // Industrial Management Review. 1965. No. 7. P. 37-46.Evan W. (1965). Conflict and Performances in R&D organizations. Industrial Management Review, 7, 37-46.Fugate M., Prussia G.E., Kinicki A.J. Managing Employee Withdrawal During Organizational Change: The Role of Threat Appraisal // Journal of Management. 2012. Vol. 38. No. 3. P. 890-914.Fugate M., Prussia G.E., Kinicki A.J. (2012). Managing Employee Withdrawal During Organizational Change: The Role of Threat Appraisal. Journal of Management, Vol. 38, No. 3, 890-914.Gardner P.J. Organizational change: all we want is better projects - why so difficult? AACE Int. Trans., PM. 03.1-PM. 03.25, 2009.Gardner P.J. (2009). Organizational change: all we want is better projects - why so difficult? AACE Int. Trans., PM. 03.1-PM. 03.25.Griffith-Cooper B., King K. The partnership between project management and organizational change: integrating change management with change leadership // Perform. Improv. 2007. No. 1. P. 14-20.Griffith-Cooper B., King K. (2007). The partnership between project management and organizational change: integrating change management with change leadership. Perform. Improv. 46 (1), 14-20.Henrie M., Sousa-Poza A. Project management: a cultural literary review // Project Management Journal. 2005. Vol. 36. No. 1. P. 5-14.Henrie M., Sousa-Poza A. (2005). Project management: a cultural literary review. Project Management Journal, Vol.36, No. 1, 5-14.Hill F.M., Collins L.K. A descriptive and analytical model of organizational transformation // International journal of quality & reliability management. 2000. Vol. 17. No. 9. P. 966-983.Hill F.M., Collins L.K. (2000). A descriptive and analytical model of organizational transformation. International journal of quality & reliability management, Vol. 17, No. 9, 966-983.Hornstein H. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity // International Journal Of Project Management. 2016. No. 2. P. 291-298.Hornstein H. (2016). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal Of Project Management, 33(2), 291-298.Jehn K., Shah P. Interpersonal relationship and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintances groups // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1997. No. 72, P. 775-790.Jehn K., Shah P. (1997). Interpersonal relationship and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintances groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 775-790.Jehn K.A. A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict // Administrative Science Quarterly. 1995. No. 40, P. 256-282.Jehn K.A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256-282.Jimmieson N., Terry D., Callan V.A. Longitudinal study of employee adaptation to organizational change: The role of change-related information and change-related self-efficacy // Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2004. No. 9, P. 11-27.Jimmieson N., Terry D., Callan V. A. (2004). Longitudinal study of employee adaptation to organizational change: The role of change-related information and change-related self-efficacy. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 11-27.Jones R.A., Jimmieson N.L., Griffiths A. The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change // Journal of Management Studies. 2005. No. 42. P. 361-386.Jones R.A., Jimmieson N.L., Griffiths A. (2005). The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change. Journal of Management Studies, 42, 361-386.Kaminsky J.B. Impact of Non-Technical Leadership Practices on IT Project Success. Webster University, St. Louis. 2010.Kaminsky J.B. (2010). Impact of Non-Technical Leadership Practices on IT Project Success. Webster University, St. Louis.Kenny J. Effective project management for strategic innovation and change in an organizational context // Project Management Journal. 2003. No. 2. P. 43-53.Kenny J. (2003). Effective project management for strategic innovation and change in an organizational context. Proj. Manag. J., 34 (2), 43-53.Kernan M.C., Hanges P.J. Survivor reactions to reorganization: Antecedents and consequences of procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2002. No. 87. P. 916-928.Kernan M.C., Hanges P.J. (2002). Survivor reactions to reorganization: Antecedents and consequences of procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 916-928.Kolodny H. Integrating Project and Change Management. Visiting Speaker Series John Molson School of Business, Concordia University (Friday, April 9), 2004.Kolodny H. (2004). Integrating Project and Change Management. Visiting Speaker Series John Molson School of Business, Concordia University (Friday, April 9).Levine H.G., Rossmore D. Diagnosing the human threats to information technology implementation: a missing factor in systems analysis illustrated in a case study // J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 1993. No. 2. P. 55-73.Levine H.G., Rossmore D. (1993). Diagnosing the human threats to information technology implementation: a missing factor in systems analysis illustrated in a case study. J. Manag. Inf. Syst., 10 (2), 55-73.Lundy V., Morin P.-P. Project leadership influences resistance to change: the case of the Canadian public service // Proj. Manag. Journal. 2013. No. 4. P. 45-64.Lundy V., Morin P.-P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: the case of the Canadian public service. Proj. Manag. J., 44 (4), 45-64.MacKay B., Chia R. Choice, Chance, and Unintended Consequences in Strategic Change: A Process Understanding of the Rise and Fall of NorthCo Automotive // Academy of Management Journal. 2013. No. 1. P. 208-230.MacKay B., Chia, R. (2013). Choice, Chance, and Unintended Consequences in Strategic Change: A Process Understanding of the Rise and Fall of NorthCo Automotive. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 208-230.Nolan W., Nolan V., Nolan L. Perceptions of inequity, satisfaction and conflict in task-oriented groups // Human Relations. 1986. No. 39. P. 1033-1052.Nolan W., Nolan V., Nolan L. (1986). Perceptions of inequity, satisfaction and conflict in task-oriented groups. Human Relations, 39, 1033-1052.Parker D., Verlinden A., Nussey R., Ford M., Pathak R.D. Critical evaluation of project-based performance management: change intervention integration // Int. J. Product. Perform. Manag. 2013. No. 4. P. 407-419.Parker D., Verlinden A., Nussey R., Ford M., Pathak R.D. (2013). Critical evaluation of project-based performance management: change intervention integration. Int. J. Product. Perform. Manag., 62 (4), 407-419.Partington D. The project management of organizational change // International Journal of Project Management. 1996. No. 1. P. 13-21.Partington D. (1996). The project management of organizational change. International Journal of Project Management 14 (1), 13-21.Piderit S.R. Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change // Acad. Manag. Rev. 2000. No. 4. P. 783-794.Piderit S.R. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Acad. Manag. Rev., 25 (4), 783-794.Rahim M.A. A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management Journal. 1983. No. 26. P. 368-376.Rahim M.A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 368-376.Rahim M.A. Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict // International Journal of Conflict Management. 2002. No. 13. P. 206-235.Rahim M. A. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 206-235.Sadeh A., Dvir D., Malach-Pines A. The Implications of P-O Fit Theory to Project Management // The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. 2007. No. 3. P. 7-17.Sadeh A., Dvir D., Malach-Pines A. (2007). The Implications of P-O Fit Theory to Project Management. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society, 3, 7-17.Scott-Young C., Samson D. Project success and project team management: Evidence from capital projects in the process industries // Journal of Operations Management. 2008. Vol. 26. No. 6. P. 749-766.Scott-Young C., Samson D. (2008). Project success and project team management: Evidence from capital projects in the process industries. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 26, No. 6, 749-766.Shenhar A.J. From Theory to Practice: Toward A Typology of Project Management Styles // IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 1998. Vol. 45. No. 1. P. 33-48.Shenhar A.J. (1998). From Theory to Practice: Toward A Typology of Project Management Styles. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No. 1, 33-48.Spreitzer G., Mishra A. To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2002. No. 23. P. 707-729.Spreitzer G., Mishra A. (2002). To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707-729.Tjosvold D., Hui C., Yu Z. Conflict management and task reflexivity for team in-role and extra-role performance in China // International Journal of Conflict Management. 2003. No. 14. P. 141-163.Tjosvold D., Hui C., Yu Z. (2003). Conflict management and task reflexivity for team in-role and extra-role performance in China. International Journal of Conflict Management, 14, 141-163.Turner J., Zolin R. Forecasting success on large projects: Developing reliable scale to predict multiple perspectives by multiple stakeholders over multiple time frames // Project Management Journal. 2012. P. 87-99.Turner J., Zolin R. (2012). Forecasting success on large projects: Developing reliable scale to predict multiple perspectives by multiple stakeholders over multiple time frames. Project Management Journal, 87-99.Wanberg C., Banas J. Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2000. No. 85. P. 132-142.Wanberg C., Banas J. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 132-142.