Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology Клиническая медицина и фармакология 2409-3750 124441 10.12737/2409-3750-2026-12-1-8-16 Обзоры reviews Обзоры Lung cancer screening: modern approaches (literature review) Скрининг рака легкого: современные подходы (обзор литературы) Радыгина Л. В. Radygina L. V. Барыбкина М. Н. Barybkina M. N. Всероссийский институт научной и технической информации Российской академии наук Россия Всероссийский институт научной и технической информации Российской академии наук Russian Federation Всероссийский институт научной и технической информации Российской академии наук Россия Всероссийский институт научной и технической информации Российской академии наук Russian Federation 26 05 2026 26 05 2026 12 1 8 16 26 05 2026 https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/124441/view

В мире наблюдается рост заболеваемости и смертности от рака легкого, что делает проведение скрининга этого заболевания не только актуальным, но и крайне необходимым. В настоящем обзоре проведен анализ статей, опубликованных в базах данных электронной научной библиотеки e-library.ru, электронной научной библиотеки cyberleninka.ru, PubMed. Отобраны наиболее важные статьи на английском и русском языках о скрининге рака легкого. Эталонным методом скрининга считается низкодозная компьютерная томография, недостатками которой могут быть неверные результаты и облучение человека. Проводятся исследования, чтобы выяснить, насколько эффективна низкодозовая компьютерная томография в выявлении рака легкого у людей, которые не курят. Искусственный интеллект способен значительно повысить точность скрининга рака легкого. В качестве альтернативы низкодозной компьютерной томографии предлагается эндобронхиальная оптическая когерентная томография. Однако для подтверждения действенности эндобронхиальной оптической когерентной томографии требуются масштабные клинические исследования. Для преодоления этих проблем рекомендуется использовать биомаркеры рака легкого. К числу таких биомаркеров относятся: циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК и фрагменты внеклеточной ДНК, клональные гемопоэтические мутации, карциноэмбриональный антиген, углеводный антиген 125, метаболиты крови, летучие органические соединения. Использование биомаркеров позволит значительно улучшить результаты скрининга рака легкого и повысить выявляемость этого опасного заболевания на ранних стадиях. Современные формы и методы скрининга рака легкого, основанные на последних достижениях науки и передовом опыте, способны значительно повысить его эффективность.

The incidence and mortality from lung cancer is increasing worldwide, which makes screening for this disease not only relevant but also extremely necessary. This review analyzes articles published in the databases of the electronic scientific library e-library.ru, the electronic scientific library cyberleninka.ru, and PubMed. The most important articles in English and Russian on lung cancer screening are selected. Low-dose computed tomography is considered the reference screening method, the disadvantages of which may include incorrect results and human radiation. Research is being conducted to find out how effective low-dose computed tomography is in detecting lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Artificial intelligence can significantly improve the accuracy of lung cancer screening. Endobronchial optical coherence tomography is proposed as an alternative to low-dose computed tomography. However, large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm the effectiveness of endobronchial optical coherence tomography. To overcome these problems, it is recommended to use lung cancer biomarkers. Such biomarkers include: circulating tumor DNA and fragments of extracellular DNA, clonal hematopoietic mutations, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125, blood metabolites, volatile organic compounds. The use of biomarkers will significantly improve the results of lung cancer screening and increase the detection of this dangerous disease at early stages. Modern forms and methods of lung cancer screening, based on the latest scientific achievements and best practices, can significantly increase its effectiveness.

 рак легкого скрининг искусственный интеллект низкодозная компьютерная томография эндобронхиальная оптическая когерентная томография биомаркеры lung cancer screening artificial intelligence low-dose computed tomography endobronchial optical coherence tomography biomarkers

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