Russian Journal of Parasitology Russian Journal of Parasitology Российский паразитологический журнал 1998-8435 13272 10.12737/21667 ОБЗОРЫ REVIEWS ОБЗОРЫ Genetics of susceptibility to human helminthiasis Генетика восприимчивости к гельминтозам у человека Начева Л. В. Nacheva L. В. Кутихин А. Г. Kutikhin A. Г. 26 01 2017 26 01 2017 3 3 296 303 https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/13272/view

Цель исследования — дать анализ имеющихся в литературе работ, посвященных изучению влияния генов хозяина на генетическую восприимчивость к гельминтозам и на особенности их патогенеза. Проанализированы все работы за последнее время, посвященные влиянию генов хозяина на генетическую восприимчивость к гельминтозам и на особенности их патогенеза. Наиболее важными детерминантами влияния генов хозяина на генетическую восприимчивость к гельминтозам являются полиморфизмы генов TAP для эхинококкоза, вариаты генных локусов SM1 и SM2 для шистосомоза и полиморфизмы генов HLA для всех трех рассмотренных в статье паразитарных болезней.

Objective of research: to provide the analysis of literature sources describing the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis. Results and discussion: all recent scientific works dedicated to the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis were considered. The most important determinants of impact of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis are gene polymorphisms TAP for echinococcosis, variants of genetic loci SM1 and SM2 for bilharziasis (schistosomiasis), and gene polymorphisms HLA for all three parasitic diseases described in this article.

 генетика восприимчивость гельминтозы шистосомоз эхинококкоз анизакидоз полиморфизм иммунный ответ. genetics susceptibility helminthiasis schistosomiasis echinococcosis anisakiasis polymorphism immune response.

По данным ВОЗ, из 50 млн человек, ежегодно умирающих в мире, более чем у 16 млн причиной смерти являются инфекционные и паразитарные болезни [1]. Начиная с 1992 г., заболеваемость и смертность, связанные с паразитарными болезнями, в странах Африки, Азии, Америки, Австралии увеличились в 4 и более раз в сравнении со странами северной Европы (Швецией, Норвегией, Финляндией), при этом примерно 15% заболевших — дети до 14 лет [1].Среди гельминтозов, распространенных в России и в прилегающих к ней странах Востока и Юго-Востока, наибольшее опасение вызывают трихинеллез, тениоз, описторхоз, аскаридоз, трихоцефалез, шистосомозы. В соответствии с докладом ВОЗ «Globalestimatesforhealthsituationassessmentandprojection» [2], число зараженных шистосомозом лиц в 1990 г. составило 200 млн, число умирающих за 1 год — 200 тыс., число пораженных стран — 76, а число лиц, подверженных риску этого заболевания, — 500–600 млн.

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