The paper deals with the object identification in the picture based on a structural approach. The analysis of existing methods is presented and a new procedure of image identification with the use of a structural approach is shown. In the introduction there is described a significance of picture decoding and a concept of a structure in the picture is designated. The analysis of such a structural approach to image identification in a picture as a symbolic description which is a transition from the simplest signs of a picture to a set of graphic symbols. The second structural method analyzed in the paper is a syntactic approach to the image description. Here the whole picture is divided up to the simplest elements. The elementary graphic primitives are emphasized which make a pic-ture. And further the objects of the picture are de-scribed by a set of primitives. The regulation for the description of an object as a chain of primitives sets with the aid of the socalled language grammar of image description. Merits and demerits of existing structural methods are described, one of which is a complexity of object description on the picture of a real world. The offer on the necessity of the development of a new method taking into account the signs of really existing object and also describing objects in a formal view is put forward. In the basic part a developed procedure defining objects in the picture as a specified polychromatic multitude emphasizing such properties as a significance of brightness, an object position and a number of additional characteristics is described. The definition of objects in the picture takes place by means of the creation of a structured description of known objects of the picture the identification on the basis of the use of a neuronet approach and a specification of the structure of objects found. As a result of the identification according to this procedure there is obtained a multitude of objects which was necessary to identify in the picture presented in a structural form. Such an approach can be used for various level of hierarchy at the description of objects in the picture it also allows taking into account not only brightness characteristics and a form, but a number of additional signs of objects. In the conclusion the distinguishing features of this procedure and directions of its development are shown.