This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of bases of legal regulation of the constitutional proceedings and enforcement in the Russian Federation and the Federative Republic of Brazil, whihc are the Member States of BRICS. The author provides a brief overview of the constitutional regulation of the judiciary and a comparative analysis of the models of judicial constitutional control in Brazil and Russia; examines in detail the legal regulation of judicial constitutional control of the two states, including a review of the constitutional regulation of judicial procedures used by the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil. The article contains a few examples of the application by the highest bodies of judicial constitutional control of the constitutional principles of the federal structure and analyzes some decisions of the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil and Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which have influenced the development of federalism in these states. On the basis of the study of the basic laws and other acts the author has made a conclusion about the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of judicial constitutional control in the sphere under consideration. So, he marked even more rigid interpretation of the Constitution by the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil, unlike the Russian practice, to the consideration of cases on conformity with Brasilian Constitution, state legislation and other normative-legal acts. For example, Brazilian and Russian federalism specifies and examines the constitutional principle of the Federal structure – the principle of symmetry. The conclusion is that the approach of the Russian legislator and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is more variable to regulate the issues and opportunities change the criteria of construction of models of organization of state power at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with greater freedom in determining the internal structure then in Brazil.