The purpose of this article is to acquaint with the results of empirical understanding of the role of the family in the process of socialization of the individual. Application of the method of theoretical analysis allows to draw a conclusion about long — term and very steady interest of representatives of different branches of human knowledge to the most different aspects of a problem of socialization of the personality, including, — to the factors and conditions influencing success of socialization, at different levels of ontogenetic development of the personality. Fundamental research carried out by philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists (works by A. Adler, W. James, J. Math. Kelly, A. Maslow, J. Mead G. Allport, Talcott Parsons; V.L. Abushenko, B.G. Ananyeva, A.A. Bodalev, L.S. Vygotsky, A.G. Kovalev, I.S. Kon, A.F. Lazursky, V.N. Myasishchev, V.S. Mukhina, A.A. Reina, M.V. Roma, D.B. Elkonin, etc.), indicate that the process of formation of fundamental values and motivational attitudes as well as spiritual and moral sphere of the personality that are crucial for the process of socialization, carried out primarily in the family. The family is of particular importance for the socio-cultural development of children of early and preschool age. The study conducted by us objectively proved that only 40% of children who took part in the study have a high level of socio-cultural development. The majority of children of preschool age have the level of their socialization below the age standards and opportunities. Considering the socialization of the individual as a multifaceted process of integration of the individual and society, in the structure of socio-cultural development, we highlight the affective, cognitive and behavioral components and believe that their comprehensive study allows not only to draw an objective conclusion about the level of socio-cultural development of the subject, but also to design a developmental program aimed at effective socialization of the child in family education.