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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23955</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5c0eb50d2316f4.12478307</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Обзор</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Review</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Обзор</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Primary Radiation Stress, Inflammatory Reaction and the Mechanism of Early Postradiation Reparative Processes in Irradiated Tissues</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Первичный радиационный стресс, воспалительная реакция и механизм ранних пострадиационных репаративных процессов в облученных тканях</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Васин</surname>
       <given-names>М. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vasin</surname>
       <given-names>M. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Соловьев</surname>
       <given-names>В. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Solov'ev</surname>
       <given-names>V. Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мальцев</surname>
       <given-names>В. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Maltsev</surname>
       <given-names>V. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Андрианова</surname>
       <given-names>И. Е.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Andrianova</surname>
       <given-names>I. E.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лукьянова</surname>
       <given-names>С. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Luk'yanova</surname>
       <given-names>S. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава РФ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>63</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>71</fpage>
   <lpage>81</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/23955/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/23955/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Высвобождаемые из клеточных компартментов в результате процессов радиолиза под действием ионизирующего излучения высоко-мобильные группы белков, поврежденные ядерные и митохондриальные ДНК, внеклеточный АТФ и окисленные низкой плотности липопротеиды вызывают через паттерн распознающих рецепторов стресс-сигнальную активацию в облученных тканях с запуском каскада р53 и NF-κB провоспалительных путей, ведущих к экспрессии провоспалительных генов, стимулирующих синтез цитокинов семейства ИЛ-1. &#13;
Чрезмерная активация провоспалительных путей под действием радиационного стресса ограничивается синтезом противовоспалительных цитокинов: ИЛ-4, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-11, ИЛ-13, а также антагонистами рецептора ИЛ-1 и фактором TGF-β. Г-КСФ и МГ-КСФ. Индуцированные действием провоспалительных цитокинов, они обладают противовоспалительными и антиапоптическими свойствами, способными понижать содержание провоспалительных цитокинов ИЛ-6 и ФНО-a. &#13;
Глюкокортикоиды участвуют в регуляции первичного радиационного стресса, подавляя чрезмерную экспрессию генов провоспалительных цитокинов. По обратной связи при повышении уровня ИЛ-1 стимулируется секреция кортикостерона. В свою очередь, адренергическая стимуляция способна повышать экспрессию гена ИЛ-1β. &#13;
Механизм радиационного апоптоза стволовых клеток реализуется через путь p53-Puma, который блокирует взаимодействие антиапоптических белков Bcl-2 с проапоптическими белками BAX и BAK. После высвобождения из митохондрий цитохрома С и апоптоз-индуцирующего фактора происходит активация эффекторных каспаз: через каспазу 9 каспазы 3, 6 и 7, и окончательное разрушение клетки. &#13;
Путь Wnt является критически важным для регенерации тканей после лучевого поражения. Потенциал регенеративного ответа кроветворной ткани на лучевое поражение зависит от содержания катенина и способности Wnt-пути стимулировать восстановление костного мозга после облучения. Мезенхиальные стволовые клетки (МСК) костного мозга играют большую роль в пострадиационной регенерации кроветворной ткани. Основное их действие на регенерацию костного мозга осуществляется через рецепторы TLR2 and TLR4. &#13;
Мобилизация кроветворных стволовых клеток связана с высвобождением из костного мозга протеаз, включая нейтрофильную эластазу и катепсин G, а также матрикс металлопротеиназы-9. &#13;
Противолучевые свойства экзогенного ИЛ-1 не исчерпываются только повышенной продукции Г-КСФ и ГМ-КСФ. Большую роль в противолучевой защите играет реакция на воздействие ИЛ-1 в виде обратной связи с продукцией антиапоптических и противовоспалительных факторов. Первичный радиационный стресс ограничивает продолжительность радиомитигирующего эффекта ИЛ-1 1–2 ч при его применении после облучения.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The products of radiolysis released from cellular compartment under the influence of ionizing radiation: highly mobile groups of proteins, damaged nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, extracellular ATP and oxidized low density lipoproteins, cause stress activation in irradiated tissues through a pattern of the receptors with start of the cascade r53 and NF-κB of pro-inflammatory ways conducting to an expression of pro-inflammatory genes stimulating synthesis of cytokines of the IL-1 family. Excessive activation of pro-inflammatory way under the influence of a radioactive stress is limited to synthesis, anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13 and also antagonists of IL-1 receptor and TGF-β. G-CSF and MG-CSF induced by action of pro-inflammatory cytokines have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties decreasing level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF. Glucocorticoids participate in regulation of primary radioactive stress, suppressing an excessive expression of genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased IL-1 level stimulates secretion of corticosteroids through mechanism of feedback. Adrenergic stimulation is capable to raise a gene IL-1β expression. &#13;
The mechanism of radiation apoptosis of stem cells is implemented through p53-Puma way which blocks interaction anti-apoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 with pro-apoptotic proteins of Bax and Bak. After release from mitochondrion of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor there is an activation of effector caspases: caspases 3, 6 and 7 through caspase 9, and final cell destruction. &#13;
Wnt way is crucial for post-radiation repair. Potential of the regenerative response of hemopoietic tissue to radiation injury depends on catenin and ability of Wnt way to stimulate post-radiation bone marrow reparation. Mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow play a large role in post-radiation regeneration of hemopoietic tissue. Their main action is carried out through TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. Mobilization of hemopoietic stem cells is bound to release proteases from bone marrow, including neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, and a matrix metalproteinase-9. &#13;
Radioprotective properties of exogenous IL-1 aren’t limited only by induction of raised G-CSF and GM-CSF production. The larger role in radiation protection is played by the reaction induced by IL-1 in the form of feedback with production anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory factors. Primary radioactive stress limits time of radiomitigable effect of IL-1 by 1-2 h after its application after radiation.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>первичный радиационный стресс</kwd>
    <kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd>
    <kwd>интерлейкин-1β</kwd>
    <kwd>антивоспалительные цитокины</kwd>
    <kwd>гранулоцит-колонии стимулирующий фактор</kwd>
    <kwd>пострадиационное восстановление кроветворения</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>primary radiation stress</kwd>
    <kwd>proinflammatory cytokines</kwd>
    <kwd>interleukin-1β</kwd>
    <kwd>anti-inflammatory cytokines</kwd>
    <kwd>granulocyte-colony stimulating factor</kwd>
    <kwd>postradiation blood reparation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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