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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28860</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5cf22ff1aea865.52579823</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation safety</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Comprehensive Organizational and Methodical Approaches to Decommissioning of Radwaste Repositories</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Комплексные организационные и методические подходы к выводу из эксплуатации хранилищ РАО</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Майзик</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Б.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mayzik</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksey B.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коренков</surname>
       <given-names>Игорь П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korenkov</surname>
       <given-names>Igor' P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Цовьянов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Г.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tsoviyanov</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лащенова</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Laschenova</surname>
       <given-names>Tat'yana N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Клочков</surname>
       <given-names>В. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Klochkov</surname>
       <given-names>V. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Высокотехнологический научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов имени академика А.А. Бочвара»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">JSC &quot;A.A. Bochvar High-tech Research Institute of Inorganic Materials&quot;</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center – Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophisical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>32</fpage>
   <lpage>39</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28860/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28860/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Разработка комплексных организационных и методических подходов к выводу из эксплуатации приповерхностных хранилищ твердых и жидких радиоактивных отходов (РАО).&#13;
Материал и методы: В ходе выполнения оценки радиационно-гигиенической обстановки проводились следующие исследования:&#13;
– оценка состояния физических барьеров хранилищ (емкостей) твердых и жидких РАО;&#13;
– оценка радиационной обстановки территории хранилищ до и после рекультивации;&#13;
– измерение удельной активности 90Sr и 137Cs в грунтовых и подземных водах, керне, грунтах, строительных конструкциях.&#13;
Методы исследования: пешеходная γ-съемка; γ-спектрометрическое измерение радионуклидов в объектах окружающей среды с помощью стационарного спектрометра; радиохимическое выделение радионуклидов и радиометрия их проб.&#13;
Результаты: Обследования проведены в 2014–2016 гг. Получены данные о мощности дозы γ-излучения на территории площадки расположения хранилищ РАО, удельной активности 90Sr и 137Cs в подземных и грунтовых водах, керне, грунте, строительных конструкциях.&#13;
Показано, что в подземных водах содержание 90Sr варьировало от 0,25 до 0,4 Бк/кг, а 137Cs – ниже пределов обнаружения (0,01 Бк на пробу). Установлено, что распределение 90Sr и 137Cs в почве (керне), слагающей верхнюю часть разреза территории, характеризуется крайней неравномерностью. В ряде случаев удельная активность грунта превышала 1000 Бк/кг (скважина С-23 на глубине 2,75 м и скважина С-24 на глубине 5 м). Во всех остальных случаях удельная активность керна не превышала 10 Бк/кг, а удельная активность грунта варьировала до 50 Бк/кг, что выше фоновых значений. Мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозы (МАЭД) на территории варьировала от 0,1 до 0,3 мкЗв/ч.&#13;
Всего осуществлено более 6 700 измерений: более 2 400 измерений МАЭД, более 4 100 измерений β-загрязнения рабочих поверхностей, оборудования и более 200 измерений удельной и объемной активности проб окружающей среды. &#13;
После рекультивационных работ содержание радионуклидов в почве и подземных грунтовых водах находилось на уровне фоновых значений.&#13;
Выводы: Обоснованы технические решения, порядок учета и контроля РАО, использование защитных укрытий и передвижных систем для обеспечения радиационной безопасности персонала и защиты окружающей среды.&#13;
Показано, что средние дозы внешнего облучения персонала, осуществляющего работы по выводу из эксплуатации, не превышали 0,7 мЗв (разброс от 0,16 до 1,7 мЗв), а дозы внутреннего облучения варьировали от 0,35 до 3,3 мкЗв. &#13;
Плотность β-активного загрязнения территории не превышала 38 β-частиц/(см2∙мин), что соответствует фоновым значениям для территории. Уровни МАЭД территории после окончания работ находились в пределах 0,09–0,15 мкЗв/ч.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: Development of comprehensive organizational and methodical approaches to decommissioning of shallow radwaste (RW) repositories.&#13;
Material and methods: The following researches were conducted during assessment of radiation and hygiene situation:&#13;
- assessing the state of physical barriers of repositories (tanks) of solid and liquid RW;&#13;
- assessing radiation situation at the repository site before and after remediation;&#13;
- measuring specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in ground and subsurface water, core sample, soils, building structures.&#13;
Methods: on foot gamma survey; gamma-ray spectrometric measurement of radionuclides in environmental samples using a stationary spectrometer; radiochemical extraction of radionuclides and their radiometry.&#13;
Results: The surveys were performed in 2014–2016. They delivered data on gamma dose rate at the RW repository site, specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in ground and subsurface water, core sample, soils, building structures.&#13;
The surveys showed that content of 90Sr in subsurface water varied from 0.25 to 0.4 Bq/kg, while content of 137Cs was below the detection threshold (0.01 Bq per sample). It was founded that distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil (core sample) forming the top layer of the area is highly uneven.  In some cases specific activity of soil exceeded 1000 Bq/kg (C-23 well at the depth of 2.75 m and C-24 well at the depth of 5 m). In all other cases specific activity of the core sample did not exceed 10 Bq/kg, and specific activity of soil was up to 50 Bq/kg which is over background values. The ambient dose equivalent rate at the site varied from 0.1 to 0.3 µSv/h.&#13;
After remediation activities content of radionuclides in soil and subsurface water was at the levels of background values.&#13;
More than 6700 measurements were performed (more than 2400 measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate, more than 4100 measurements of beta-contamination of work surfaces and equipment, and more than 200 measurements of specific and volumetric activity of environmental samples). &#13;
Conclusions: This work allowed to substantiate technical solutions, procedure of RW accounting and control, using of shelters and mobile systems for radiation safety of the personnel and environmental protection.&#13;
It was demonstrated that average external radiation doses for the workers involved in decommissioning activities did not exceed 0.7 mSv (variation from 0.16 to 1.7 mSv), while internal radiation doses varied from 0.35 to 3.3 µSv. &#13;
Density of beta-contamination of the site did not exceed 38 beta-particles/(cm2∙min) which corresponds to background values. The ambient dose equivalent rate of the site was within 0.09-0.15 µSv/h after the work has been done.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>жидкие и твердые радиоактивные отходы</kwd>
    <kwd>хранилища</kwd>
    <kwd>удельная и объемная активность</kwd>
    <kwd>вывод из эксплуатации</kwd>
    <kwd>дезактивация</kwd>
    <kwd>рекультивация</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>liquid and solid radioactive waste</kwd>
    <kwd>repositories</kwd>
    <kwd>specific and volumetric activity</kwd>
    <kwd>decontamination</kwd>
    <kwd>remediation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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