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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28920</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5cf3e5d39dc746.62423273</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation physics, technology and dosimetry</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The Ratio between Absorbed Dose, Kerma and Ionization Kerma for Small-size Fields</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Соотношение между поглощенной дозой, кермой и ионизационной кермой для полей малых размеров</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Климанов</surname>
       <given-names>В. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Klimanov</surname>
       <given-names>V. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Галяутдинова</surname>
       <given-names>Ж. Ж.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Galyautdinova</surname>
       <given-names>Zh. Zh.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Колыванова</surname>
       <given-names>М. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kolyvanova</surname>
       <given-names>M. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Nuclear University MEPhI</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>74</fpage>
   <lpage>77</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28920/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28920/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Изучение соотношений между пространственными распределениями в воде основных дозиметрических величин, а именно поглощенной дозой, кермой и ионизационной кермой, для полей малых размеров с круглым поперечным сечением, создаваемых расходящимися пучками тормозного излучения с максимальной энергией 6 МэВ.&#13;
Материал и методы: Методом Монте-Карло, используя коды EGSnrc и MCNP4C2, проведены расчеты указанных распределений в водном фантоме для пучков с радиусами на поверхности фантома от 0,1 до 3,0 см и для глубин до 40 см. Особенно детально изучены соотношения на глубинах до 5 см, где находится так называемая область накопления дозы (build-up).&#13;
Результаты:   Показано, что отношение ионизационной кермы к керме для таких пучков при глубинах до 40 см практически постоянно и равно 0,9930 ±0,0005. Отношение же поглощенной дозы к ионизационной керме в отличие от конвенциальных квадратных пучков с площадью сечений   20 см2, существенно меньше единицы при радиусах   1 см на всех рассмотренных глубинах.&#13;
Заключение: Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что соотношения между поглощенной дозой, кермой и ионизационной кермой для фотонных полей, создаваемых пучками малых поперечных сечений, сильно отличаются от таковых для традиционных пучков. Это обстоятельство следует учитывать при проведении дозиметрии малых полей.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: Research of the relationships between spatial distributions in water of the main dosimetric values, namely the absorbed dose, kerma and ionization kerma, for small-size fields with a circular cross section created by divergent beams of bremsstrahlung spectrum with a maximum energy of 6 MeV.&#13;
Material and methods: Using the Monte-Carlo method with the codes EGSnrc and MCNP4C2, calculations were carried out for these distributions in a water phantom for beam radii on the phantom surface from 0.1 to 3.0 cm and for depths up to 40 cm. The ratio at depths up to 5 cm, where there is a so-called build-up area, is studied in particular detail.&#13;
Results: The results of calculations show that the ratio of ionization kerma to kerma for such beams at depths up to 40 cm is practically constant and equal to 0.9930 ± 0.0005. The ratio of the absorbed dose to the ionization kerma, in contrast to conventional square beams with a cross-sectional area   20 cm2, is much less than unity at radii of 1 cm at all the depths considered.&#13;
Conclusion: The data obtained show that the relationship between absorbed dose, kerma and ionization kerma for photon fields produced by beams of small cross sections is very different from that for traditional beams. This circumstance should be taken into account when conducting dosimetry of small fields.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>клиническая дозиметрия</kwd>
    <kwd>поглощенная доза</kwd>
    <kwd>керма</kwd>
    <kwd>ионизационная керма</kwd>
    <kwd>малоразмерные поля</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>clinical dosimetry</kwd>
    <kwd>dose</kwd>
    <kwd>kerma</kwd>
    <kwd>ionization kerma</kwd>
    <kwd>small fields</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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