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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28921</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5cf3e86a478d20.08095360</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation physics, technology and dosimetry</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Bremsstrahlung Photons Flux and the Neutrons Beams during the Operation of the Medical Electron Accelerator</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Исследование потока тормозных фотонов и нейтронов при работе медицинского ускорителя электронов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лыкова</surname>
       <given-names>Е. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lykova</surname>
       <given-names>E. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Желтоножская</surname>
       <given-names>М. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zheltonozhskaya</surname>
       <given-names>M. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смирнов</surname>
       <given-names>Ф. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smirnov</surname>
       <given-names>F. Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Руднев</surname>
       <given-names>П. И.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rudnev</surname>
       <given-names>P. I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Черняев</surname>
       <given-names>А. П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chernyaev</surname>
       <given-names>A. P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чешигин</surname>
       <given-names>И. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Cheshigin</surname>
       <given-names>I. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яценко</surname>
       <given-names>В. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yatsenko</surname>
       <given-names>V. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Центр АЦП»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">LLC &quot;Center ATSP&quot;</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный Исследовательский Центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»,</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>78</fpage>
   <lpage>84</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28921/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28921/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Оценка вклада потока вторичных нейтронов в общий поток излучения при работе линейных медицинских ускорителей Trilogy и Clinac 2100 фирмы Varian для учета их влияния на здоровье пациентов и медицинского персонала &#13;
Высокоэнергетические линейные ускорители электронов для лучевой терапии, работающие на энергиях выше, чем 8 МэВ, побочно генерируют потоки нейтронов при взаимодействии фотонов с элементами ускорителя и с конструкционными материалами помещения. Нейтроны могут образовываться в головке ускорителя (мишень, коллиматоры, сглаживающий фильтр и т.д.), процедурном кабинете и непосредственно в теле пациента.&#13;
Из-за высокой радиобиологической опасности нейтронного излучения, их вклад в общий поток излучения даже на уровне нескольких процентов существенно увеличивает дозу, получаемую пациентом. &#13;
Материал и методы: Исследование потоков вторичных нейтронов проводилось с использованием активационных методов на основе реакций (γ,n) и (n,γ) на детектирующей мишени естественного тантала 181Ta. Также проводились измерения спектров нейтронов непосредственно в помещении при работе медицинского ускорителя с помощью спектрометра-дозиметра SDMF-1608PRO.DB.&#13;
Результаты: Было получено, что поток нейтронов на мишени тантала составляет 16 % от потока тормозных гамма-квантов на мишени при работе ускорителя с граничной энергией тормозного излучения 18 МэВ и 5 % при работе ускорителя с граничной энергией тормозного излучения 20 МэВ без учета энергетического вклада тепловых нейтронов.&#13;
Заключение: Следует отметить, что с учетом коэффициента относительной биологической эффективности (ОБЭ) нейтронного излучения с энергиями 0,1–200 кэВ, равного 10, по сравнению коэффициентом ОБЭ для гамма-квантов (равного 1), даже в предварительных исследованиях наблюдается существенный недоучет вклада потока образующихся вторичных нейтронов в общую дозу, получаемую пациентом при лучевой терапии тормозными квантами 18 и 20 МэВ.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: To estimate the contribution of the secondary neutron flux to the total radiation flux during the operation of Trilogy linear medical accelerator and Varian’s Clinac 2100 accelerator for assessment of impact on the health of patients and medical personnel. &#13;
High-energy linear accelerators operating at energies higher than 8 MeV generate neutron fluxes when interacting with accelerator elements and with structural materials of the room for treating patients. Neutrons can form at the accelerator head (target, collimators, smoothing filter, etc.), the procedure room, and directly in the patient’s body.&#13;
Because of the high radiobiological hazard of neutron radiation, its contribution to the total beam flux, even at a level of few percent, substantially increases the dose received by the patient.&#13;
Material and methods: Secondary neutron fluxes were investigated during the process of the linear medical accelerators Trilogy and Clinac 2100 of Varian operation by the photoactivation method using (γ, n) and (n, γ) reactions on the detection target of natural 181Ta. In addition, measurements of neutron spectra were carried out directly in the room during the operation of a medical accelerator using a spectrometer-dosimeter SDMF-1608.&#13;
Results: It was determined that the neutron flux on the tantalum target is 16 % of the gamma-ray flux on the same target when the accelerator is operated with a 18 MeV bremsstrahlung energy and 5 % when the accelerator is operated with a 20 MeV excluding thermal neutrons.&#13;
Conclusion: Finally, it may be noted that, taking into account the coefficient of relative biological efficiency (RBE) of neutron radiation for neutrons with energies of 0.1–200 keV equal to 10 compared with the RBE coefficient for gamma quanta (equal to 1), even preliminary analysis demonstrates significant underestimation of the contribution of neutrons dose to the total dose received by the patient in radiation therapy using bremsstrahlung of 18 and 20 MeV.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd>
    <kwd>тормозное излучение</kwd>
    <kwd>фотоядерные реакции</kwd>
    <kwd>вторичные нейтроны</kwd>
    <kwd>активационный метод</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>radiation therapy</kwd>
    <kwd>bremstrahlung</kwd>
    <kwd>photonuclear reactions</kwd>
    <kwd>secondary neutrons</kwd>
    <kwd>activation method</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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