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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30324</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-9-14</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation safety</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Оценка радиационной обстановки в районе расположения судоремонтных предприятий, осуществляющих утилизацию судов с ядерной энергетической установкой</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шандала</surname>
       <given-names>Н. К.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shandala</surname>
       <given-names>N. K.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Исаев</surname>
       <given-names>Д. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Isaev</surname>
       <given-names>D. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Титов</surname>
       <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Titov</surname>
       <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шлыгин</surname>
       <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shlygin</surname>
       <given-names>V. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бельских</surname>
       <given-names>Ю. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bel'skih</surname>
       <given-names>Yu. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Старинский</surname>
       <given-names>В. Г.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Starinskiy</surname>
       <given-names>V. G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Старинская</surname>
       <given-names>Р. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Starinskaya</surname>
       <given-names>R. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зуева</surname>
       <given-names>М. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zueva</surname>
       <given-names>M. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ильин</surname>
       <given-names>Л. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Il'in</surname>
       <given-names>L. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лягинская</surname>
       <given-names>А. М.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lyaginskaya</surname>
       <given-names>A. M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Центр гигиены  и эпидемиологии № 120 Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution>
     <city>Снежногорск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology No. 120 of FMBA of Russia</institution>
     <city>Snezhnogorsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-9">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-10">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <fpage>9</fpage>
   <lpage>14</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/30324/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/30324/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Изучить радиационно-гигиеническую обстановку в районе расположения судоремонтных предприятий АО «10 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени судоремонтный завод» (АО «10 СРЗ») и СРЗ «Нерпа» филиал АО «Центр Судоремонта «Звездочка» (СРЗ «Нерпа») после завершения основного этапа утилизации атомных подводных лодок и оценить возможное воздействие проводимых работ на окружающую среду и население.&#13;
Материал и методы: Для исследования радиационно-гигиенической обстановки проводилась пешеходная гамма‑съемка территории с использованием портативных гамма-спектрометрических комплексов, применялись гамма‑спектрометрические и радиохимические методы анализа проб окружающей среды для определения удельной активности техногенных радионуклидов. &#13;
Результаты: Радиационно-гигиенические исследования проводились в период с 2013 по 2017 гг. Показано, что мощность амбиентного эквивалента дозы гамма-излучения (МАЭД ГИ) на территориях зон наблюдения (ЗН) судоремонтных предприятий, включая территории близлежащих городов Снежногорск и Полярный, находится на уровне региональных значений и составляет не более 0,14 мкЗв/ч. Удельная активность радионуклидов в почве обследуемых территорий не превышает 23 Бк/кг по 90Sr и 100 Бк/кг по 137Cs. Содержание 90Sr и 137Cs в растительности (мхи) на территории исследуемых предприятий составляет не более 70 и 48 Бк/кг, соответственно, что несколько выше по сравнению с уровнями фонового (контрольного) района с. Белокаменка (1 и 20 Бк/кг соответственно для 90Sr и 137Cs). Удельная активность морской воды (Баренцево море) в 2016–2018 гг. достигала по 90Sr 60 мБк/л, по 137Cs – 4 мБк/л при средних значениях на период 1990–2000 гг. от 2 до 4 мБк/л для исследуемых радионуклидов. Результаты измерений 137Cs и 90Sr в пробах местных дикорастущих продуктов, в частности, грибов, не превышали значений 100 Бк/кг, что существенно ниже установленных допустимых удельных активностей.&#13;
Заключение: Достоверного влияния проводимых работ по утилизации атомных подводных лодок, кораблей технического обслуживания и кораблей с ядерной энергетической установкой на радиационную обстановку в районах расположения судоремонтных предприятий и население городов Снежногорска и Полярного не выявлено. Однако вдоль внешней границы изученных судоремонтных заводов обнаружены локальные участки площадью не более 5500 м2, на которых удельная активность 90Sr и 137Cs в почве превышает фоновые уровни и граничит с уровнем допустимой удельной активности для неограниченного использования твердых материалов (137Cs – 100 Бк/кг). &#13;
Ключевые слова: атомные подводные лодки, утилизация, радиационное обследование, плавучая техническая база «Лепсе», Кольский полуостров, стронций-90, цезий-137</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: To study radiation and health physics situation in the vicinity of the shipyards “The 10th Shipyard, a Holder of Order of the Red Banner of Labor” (JSC “10 SRZ”) and “The Nerpa Shipyard” – a branch of the JSC “The Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka” (SRZ “Nerpa”) after the completion of the main stage of nuclear submarine dismantling and to assess potential effect of on-going activities to the environment and population.&#13;
Material and methods: The following methods were used in radiation survey: pedestrian gamma survey of the site using portable gamma spectrometry complexes, gamma spectrometry and radiochemistry methods to determine the activity of manmade radionuclides in samples of environmental media. &#13;
Results: Radiation and health physics studies were carried out from 2013 till 2017. It was shown that gamma dose rate within the health protection zones and supervision areas (SA) of the shipyards including the territories of the nearest cities – Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi – was at the level of regional values and did not exceed 0.14 µSv/h. The activities of radionuclides in soil from the surveyed sites did not exceed 23 Bq/kg for 90Sr and 100 Bq/kg for 137Cs. Concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in plants (mosses) at the surveyed sites did not exceed 70 and 48 Bq/kg, respectively, this is a bit higher than the background levels of the reference village of Belokamenka (1 and 20 Bq/kg, respectively, for 90Sr and 137Cs). The activity of seawater (Barents Sea) in 2016–2018 reached 60 mBq/l for 90Sr and 4 mBq/l for 137Cs, at mean values from 2 to 4 mBq/l over the period between 1990 and 2000 for the studied radionuclides. Data for 137Cs and 90Sr measured in samples of local wild plants, in particular, mushrooms, did not exceed 100 Bq/kg, this is much lower than the established permissible specific activities.&#13;
Conclusion: Considerable impact of the work on the dismantling of nuclear submarines, maintenance ships and ships with a nuclear energy installation on the radiation situation in the areas of shipyards and health effects in the population of Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi was not revealed. However, along the external border of the surveyed shipyards some local parts of the sites of 5500 m2 area were found, where the specific activities of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil exceeded background levels and bordered by the level of permissible specific activity for unlimited use of solid materials (137Cs – 100 Bq/kg).</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>атомные подводные лодки</kwd>
    <kwd>утилизация</kwd>
    <kwd>радиационное обследование</kwd>
    <kwd>плавучая техническая база «Лепсе»</kwd>
    <kwd>Кольский полуостров</kwd>
    <kwd>стронций-90</kwd>
    <kwd>цезий-137</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>nuclear submarines</kwd>
    <kwd>decommissioning</kwd>
    <kwd>dismantlement</kwd>
    <kwd>radiation survey</kwd>
    <kwd>floating technical base Lepse</kwd>
    <kwd>Kola Peninsula</kwd>
    <kwd>strontium-90</kwd>
    <kwd>cesium-137</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>ВведениеВ настоящее время в России реализуется федеральная целевая программа (ФЦП) «Промышленная утилизация вооружения и военной техники ядерного комплекса на 2011–2015 годы и на период до 2020 года». Одной из задач проводимой ФЦП является обеспечение медико-санитарной и экологической безопасности при проведении работ по утилизации вооружения и военной техники [1]. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию радиационно-гигиенической обстановки в районах расположения судоремонтных предприятий, осуществляющих утилизацию выведенных из эксплуатации надводных и подводных кораблей с ядерной энергетической установкой (ЯЭУ) и судов атомного технического обслуживания (АТО). </p>
 </body>
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