<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4099</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/6594</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of TEC disturbances above regions of tropical cyclones in the north-west Pacific Ocean</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сравнительный анализ возмущений ПЭС над зонами действия тропических циклонов в северо-западной части Тихого океана</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ясюкевич</surname>
       <given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yasyukevich</surname>
       <given-names>Anna Sergeevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>annpol@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-4688</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Перевалова</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Петровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Perevalova</surname>
       <given-names>Natalia Petrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pereval@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-03-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-03-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>1</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>63</fpage>
   <lpage>74</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/4099/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/4099/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Проведено исследование возмущений полного электронного содержания (ПЭС), связанных с тропическими циклонами (ТЦ). Исследование выполнено на основе статистического анализа шести тропических циклонов различной интенсивности, наблюдавшихся в северо-западной части Тихого океана в сентябре–ноябре 2005 г. Использовались данные международной сети фазовых двухчастотных наземных приемников GPS и метеорологического архива NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis. Показано, что в спокойных геомагнитных условиях интенсивность вариаций ПЭС различных диапазонов периодов (2–20 и 20–60 мин) увеличивается в периоды максимальной фазы ТЦ. Наибольшая амплитуда вариаций ПЭС регистрируется в те моменты, когда скорость ветра в ТЦ и площадь циклона максимальны. Усиление интенсивности вариаций ПЭС более явно, когда в регионе действует несколько циклонов одновременно. Установлено, что реакция ионосферы на действие ТЦ может наблюдаться только тогда, когда циклон достигает стадии тайфуна. Отклик ионосферы на ТЦ более отчетлив на низких углах места спутника GPS.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We studied ionospheric total electron content (TEC) disturbances associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). The study was based on the statistical analysis of six cyclones with different intensity which occurred in the North-West Pacific Ocean in September–November 2005. We used TEC data from the international network of two-frequency ground-based GPS receivers and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis meteorological archive. TEC variations of different period ranges (2–20 and 20–60 min) are shown to be more intense during TC peaks under quiet geomagnetic conditions. The highest TEC variation amplitudes are registered when the wind speed in the cyclone and the TC area are maximum. The intensification of TEC disturbances is more pronounced when several cyclones occur simulta-neously. We found that the ionospheric response to TC can be observed only after the cyclone has reached typhoon intensity. The ionospheric response is more pronounced at low satellite elevation angles.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>ПЭС</kwd>
    <kwd>тропические циклоны</kwd>
    <kwd>ионосферные возмущения</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>TEC</kwd>
    <kwd>tropical cyclones</kwd>
    <kwd>ionosheric disturbances</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>ВВЕДЕНИЕТропические циклоны (ТЦ) являются одними из самых драматических и разрушительных геофизических явлений. ТЦ представляют собой мощные вихревые структуры, зарождающиеся в экваториальной тропосфере над океанами. После образования ТЦ перемещаются преимущественно по направлению общей циркуляции, под которой понимают систему крупномасштабных течений воздушных масс в земной атмосфере. Стадии развития ТЦ принято классифицировать согласно максимальной установившейся скорости ветра в циклоне, которая определяется как усредненная за 10 мин скорость ветра, зафиксированная в свободном пространстве стены воронки циклона на высоте 10 м над уровнем моря [Emanuel, 2003]. Стена воронки - это кольцо, примыкающее непосредственно к глазу циклона и характеризующееся наиболее мощными ветрами и осадками [Terry, 2007]. Циклон с максимальной скоростью ветра менее 17 м/с называют тропической депрессией, 18-32 м/с - тропическим штормом. Когда скорость превышает 33 м/с, считается, что циклон достиг стадии урагана. В Юго-Восточной Азии ТЦ в стадии урагана носят название тайфунов [Emanuel, 2003].Тропические циклоны могут быть одним из источников внутренних атмосферных волн (ВАВ). Исследования гравитационных волн на основе моделирования показали, что над зонами действия ТЦ в верхней атмосфере существуют ВАВ с горизонтальными длинами волн 15-600 км и периодами от 20 мин до 11 ч [Chan-Ming et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2005; Kuester et al., 2008]. Зародившись в нижних слоях атмосферы, ВАВ при благоприятных условиях могут подниматься до высот ионосферы и вызывать возмущения электронной концентрации, проявляющиеся как перемещающиеся ионосферные возмущения (ПИВ) [Kazimirovsky, 2002].Возмущения в ионосфере, вызванные действием тропических циклонов, регистрировались различными методами: с помощью измерений доплеровского сдвига частоты и фарадеевского вращения плоскости поляризации зондирующего сигнала, вертикального и наклонного зондирования, ракетного зондирования и GPS.Авторы работы [Xiao et al., 2007], основываясь на измерениях доплеровского сдвига частоты, проведенных во время действия 24 тайфунов, для 22 из них выявили наличие в ионосфере среднемасштабных ПИВ с периодом около 20 мин. Возмущения оказывались более интенсивными, когда тайфун достигал побережья или находился над материком. Кроме того, с помощью данных радаров некогерентного рассеяния в период прохождения мощных ТЦ вблизи точки наблюдения были обнаружены волновые возмущения в ионосфере с периодами 13-14 мин [Huang et al., 1985] и 90 мин [Bishop et al., 2006]. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ * Впервые статья опубликована на английском языке в журнале &quot;Advances in Space Research&quot; 2013. V. 52. Р. 1416-1426. На русском языке публикуется впервые по лицензии издательства.</p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черниговская М.А., Куркин В.И., Орлов И.И. и др. Исследование связи короткопериодных временных вариаций параметров ионосферы в Северо-Восточном регионе России с проявлениями тропических циклонов // Исслед. Землиизкосмоса. 2010. № 5. С. 32-41.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afraimovich E.L., Perevalova N.P., Voyeikov S.V. Traveling wave packets of total electron content disturbances as deduced from global GPS network data // J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2003, vol. 65, no. 11-13, pp. 1245-1262. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.08.007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afraimovich E.L., Perevalova N.P., Voyeikov S.V. Traveling wave packets of total electron content disturbances as deduced from global GPS network data // J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2003, V. 65. N 11-13. P. 1245-1262. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.08.007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afraimovich E.L., Voeykov S.V., Ishin A.B., Perevalova N.P., Ruzhin Yu.Ya. Variations in the total electron content during the powerful typhoon of August 5-11, 2006, near the south-eastern coast of China // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2008, vol. 48, Iss. 5, pp. 674-679. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793208050113.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afraimovich E.L., Voeykov S.V., Ishin A.B., et al. Variations in the total electron content during the powerful typhoon of August 5-11, 2006, near the southeastern coast of China // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2008, V. 48. Iss. 5. P. 674-679.DOI: 10.1134/S0016793208050113.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishop R.L., Aponte N., Earle G.D., Sulzer M., Larsen M.F., Peng G.S. Arecibo observations of ionospheric perturbations associated with the passage of tropical storm Odette // J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A11320. DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011668.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishop R.L., Aponte N., Earle G.D., et al. Arecibo observations of ionospheric perturbations associated with the passage of tropical storm Odette // J. Geophys. Res. 2006. V. 111. A11320.DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011668.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishop R.L., Straus P. Characterizing Ionospheric Variations in the Vicinity of Hurricanes and Typhoons Using GPS Occultation Measurements. American Geophysical Union. Fall Meeting 2006, Abstract #SA33B-0276.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishop R.L., Straus P. Characterizing ionospheric variations in the vicinity of hurricanes and typhoons using GPS occultation measurements // American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, Abstract #SA33B-0276.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chane-Ming F., Roff G., Robert L., Leveau J. Gravity wave characteristics over Tromelin Island during the passage of cyclone Hudah // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, vol. 29 (0). DOI: 10.1029/2001GL013286.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chane-Ming F., Roff G., Robert L., Leveau J. Gravity wave characteristics over Tromelin Island during the passage of cyclone Hudah // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002. V. 29 (0). DOI: 10.1029/2001GL013286.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernigovskaya M.A., Kurkin V.I., Orlov I.I. et al. Studying coupling of short-period variations in ionospheric parameters in the North Eastern region of Russia and manifestations of tropical cyclones. Issledovanie Zemli iz Kosmosa [Earth Research from Space]. 2010, no. 5, pp. 32-41 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chernigovskaya M., Kurkin V., Orlov I., et al. Studying the influence of strong meteorological disturbances in the Earth’s lower atmosphere on variations of ionospheric parameters in the Asian region of Russia // Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 2010, V. 12, EGU2010-7681.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernigovskaya M., Kurkin V., Orlov I., Oinats A., Sharkov E. Studying the influence of strong meteorological disturbances in the Earth’s lower atmosphere on variations of ionospheric parameters in the Asian region of Russia. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2010, vol. 12, EGU2010-7681.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emanuel K. Tropical cyclones // Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2003. V. 31. P. 75-104. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141259.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emanuel K. Tropical cyclones. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2003, vol. 31, pp. 75-104. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141259.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans A.G. Comparison of GPS pseudorange and biased Doppler range measurements to demonstrate signal multipath effects // Proc. the Forth International Geodetic Symposium on Satellites Positioning. Austin, Texas, April 28 - May 2, 1986, V. 1. P. 573-587.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans A.G. Comparison of GPS pseudorange and biased Doppler range measurements to demonstrate signal multipath effects. Proc. the Forth International Geodetic Symposium on Satellites Positioning. Austin, Texas, April 28 - May 2. 1986, vol. 1, pp. 573-587.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Lichtenegger H., Collins J. Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice. Springer-Verlag Wien, New York, 1992. 355 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3311-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Lichtenegger H., Collins J. Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice. Springer-Verlag Wien, New York, 1992. 355 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3311-8.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y.N., Cheng K., Chen S.W. On the detection of acoustic gravity waves generated by typhoon by use of real time HF Doppler frequency shift sounding system // Radio Sci. 1985. V. 20. P. 897-906. DOI: 10.1029/RS020i004p00897.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Y.N., Cheng K., Chen S.W. On the detection of acoustic gravity waves generated by typhoon by use of real time HF Doppler frequency shift sounding system. Radio Sci. 1985, vol. 20, pp. 897-906. DOI: 10.1029/RS020i004p00897.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garner T.W., Gaussiran T.L., Tolman B.W., et al. Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics // Adv. Space Res. 2008. V. 42. P. 720-726. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.02.025.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garner T.W., Gaussiran T.L., Tolman B.W., Harris R.B., Calfas R.S., Gallagher H. Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics. Adv. in Space Res. 2008, vol. 42, pp. 720-726. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.02.025.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazimirovsky E.S. Coupling from below as a source of ionospheric variability: A review // Ann. Geophys. 2002. V. 45, N 1. P. 1-29.DOI: 10.4401/ag-3482.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazimirovsky E.S. Coupling from below as a source of ionospheric variability: A review. Ann. of Geophys. 2002, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1-29. DOI: 10.4401/ag-3482.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.-Y., Chun H.-Y., Baik J.-J. A numerical study of gravity waves induced by convection associated with Typhoon Rusa // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005. V. 32. L24816. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024662.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.-Y., Chun H.-Y., Baik J.-J. A numerical study of gravity waves induced by convection associated with Typhoon Rusa. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, vol. 32. L24816. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024662.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuester M.A., Alexander M.J., Ray E.A. A model study of gravity waves over hurricane Humberto (2001) // J. Atm. Sci. 2008. V. 65, N 10. P. 3231-3246. DOI: 10.1175/2008JAS2372.1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuester M.A., Alexander M.J., Ray E.A. A model study of gravity waves over hurricane Humberto (2001). J. Atm. Sci. 2008, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 3231-3246. DOI: 10.1175/2008JAS2372.1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunitsyn V.E., Nesterov I.A., Padokhin A.M., Tumanova Yu.S. Ionospheric radio tomography based on the GPS/GLONASS navigation systems // J. Comm. Technology and Electronics. 2011. V. 56, N 11. P. 1269-1281.DOI: 10.1134/S1064226911100147.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunitsyn V.E., Nesterov I.A., Padokhin A.M., Tumanova Yu.S. Ionospheric radio tomography based on the GPS/GLONASS navigation systems. J. of Com. Technology and Electronics. 2011, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1269-1281. DOI: 10.1134/S1064226911100147.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunitsyn V.E., Tereshchenko E.D. Ionospheric Tomography. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2003.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05221-1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunitsyn V.E., Tereshchenko E.D., Ionospheric Tomography. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05221-1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y.-M., Wang J.-S., Suo Y.-C. Effects of typhoon on the ionosphere // Adv. Geosci. 2006. V. 29. P. 351-360.DOI: 10.1142/9789812707185_0029.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y.-M., Wang J.-S., Suo Y.-C. Effects of typhoon on the ionosphere. Adv. Geosci. 2006, vol. 29, pp. 351-360. DOI: 10.1142/9789812707185_0029.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mao T., Wang J.S., Yang G.L., et al. Effects of typhoon Matsa on ionospheric TEC // Chinese Sci. Bull. 2010. V. 55. P. 712-717. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0472-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao T., Wang J.S., Yang G.L., Tao Y.U., Ping J.S., Suo Y.C. Effects of typhoon Matsa on ionospheric TEC. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2010, vol. 55, pp. 712-717. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0472-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perevalova N.P., Ishin A.B. Effects of tropical cyclones in the ionosphere from data of sounding by GPS signals. Izvestiya // Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 2011. V. 47, N 9. P. 1072-1083. DOI: 10.1134/S000143381109012X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perevalova N.P., Ishin A.B. Effects of tropical cyclones in the ionosphere from data of sounding by GPS signals. Izvestiya. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 2011, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1072-1083. DOI: 10.1134/S000143381109012X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perevalova N.P., Polekh N.M. An investigation of the upper atmosphere response to cyclones using ionosonde data in Eastern Siberia and the Far East // Proc. SPIE - Int. Society for Optical Engineering. 2009. 7296. P. 72960J1-11. DOI: 10.1117/12.823814.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perevalova N.P., Polekh N.M. An investigation of the upper atmosphere response to cyclones using ionosonde data in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Proc. SPIE - Int. Society for Optical Engineering. 2009, 7296, pp. 72960J1-11. DOI: 10.1117/12.823814.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polyakova A.S., Perevalova N.P. Investigation into impact of tropical cyclones on the ionosphere using GPS sounding and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data // Adv. Space Res. 2011. V. 48. P. 1196-1210.DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2011.06.014.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakova A.S., Perevalova N.P. Investigation into impact of tropical cyclones on the ionosphere using GPS sounding and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. Adv. in Space Res. 2011, vol. 48, pp. 1196-1210. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.06.014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rice D.D., Sojka J.J., Eccles J.V., Schunk R.W. Typhoon Melor and ionospheric weather in the Asian sector: A case study // Radio Sci. 2012. V. 47. RS0L05. DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004917.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rice D.D., Sojka J.J., Eccles J.V., Schunk R.W. Typhoon Melor and ionospheric weather in the Asian sector: A case study. Radio Sci. 2012, vol. 47, RS0L05. DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004917.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolland L.M., Lognonne P., Munekane H. Detection and modeling of Rayleigh wave induced patterns in the ionosphere // J. Geophys. Res. 2011. V. 116. A05320. DOI: 10.1029/2010JA016060.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolland L.M., Lognonne P., Munekane H. Detection and modeling of Rayleigh wave induced patterns in the ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, vol. 116, A05320. DOI: 10.1029/2010JA016060.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terry J.P. Tropical Cyclones. Climatology and Impacts in the South Pacific. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, New York, 2007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terry J.P. Tropical Cyclones. Climatology and Impacts in the South Pacific. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, New York, 2007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Nee R.D.J. Multipath effects on GPS code phase measurements // J. Navigation. 1992. V. 39, N 2. P. 177-190.DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-4296.1992.tb01873.x.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Nee R.D.J. Multipath effects on GPS code phase measurements. J. Navigation. 1992, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 177-190. DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-4296.1992.tb01873.x.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanina-Dart L.B., Pokrovskaya I.V., Sharkov E.A. Response of the lower equatorial ionosphere to strong tropospheric disturbances // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2008. V. 48, N 2. P. 245-250.DOI: 10.1134/S001679320802014X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanina Dart L.B., Pokrovskaya I.V., Sharkov E.A. Response of the lower equatorial ionosphere to strong tropospheric disturbances. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2008, vol. 48, no 2, pp. 245-250. DOI: 10.1134/S001679320802014X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanina-Dart L.B., Romanov A.A., Sharkov E.A. Influence of a tropical cyclone on the upper ionosphere according to tomography sounding data over Sakhalin Island in November 2007 // Ibid. 2011. V. 51 (6). P. 774-782.DOI: 10.1134/S001679321106017X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanina-Dart L.B., Romanov A.A., Sharkov E.A. Influence of a tropical cyclone on the upper ionosphere according to tomography sounding data over Sakhalin Island in November 2007. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2011, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 774-782. DOI: 10.1134/S001679321106017X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao Z., Xiao S., Hao Y., Zhang D. Morphological features of ionospheric response to typhoon // J. Geophys. Res. 2007. V. 112. A04304.DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011671.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao Z., Xiao S., Hao Y., Zhang D. Morphological features of ionospheric response to typhoon. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, vol. 112, A04304. DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011671.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu G. GPS Theory, Algorithms and Applications / Second ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu G. GPS Theory, Algorithms and Applications. Second ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakharov V.I., Kunitsyn V. E. Regional features of atmospheric manifestations of tropical cyclones according to ground-based GPS network data //Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2012. V. 52, N 4. P. 533-545. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793212040160.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.I., Kunitsyn V.E. Regional features of atmospheric manifestations of tropical cyclones according to ground-based GPS network data. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2012, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 533-545. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793212040160.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://wunderground.com/hurricane.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://wunderground.com/hurricane.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://sopac.ucsd.edu.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://sopac.ucsd.edu.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://swdcwww.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://swdcwww.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://clust1.wdcb.ru/spidr.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://clust1.wdcb.ru/spidr.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://wunderground.com/hurricane.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: http://wunderground.com/hurricane.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
