<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0535</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">41081</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/stp-71202105</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Dynamics of the field-aligned currents distribution asymmetry during substorms in the equinox season</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Dynamics of the field-aligned currents distribution asymmetry during substorms in the equinox season</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мишин</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Виленович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mishin</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Vilenovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vladm@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мишин</surname>
       <given-names>Вилен Моисеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mishin</surname>
       <given-names>Vilen Moiseevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Курикалова</surname>
       <given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurikalova</surname>
       <given-names>Marina Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kurikalova@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>32</fpage>
   <lpage>40</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2020</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-02-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/41081/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/41081/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>We continue to study the physical processes occurring during the August 17, 2001 magnetospheric storm by analyzing the dynamics of the intensity of field-aligned currents (FACs) in Iijima—Potemra Region 1 in the polar ionospheres of two hemispheres, using the modernized magnetogram inversion technique. The results obtained on the dynamics of the FAC asymmetry of two types (dawn–dusk and interhemispheric), as well as the previously obtained regularities in the behavior of Hall currents and polar cap boundaries depending on the large azimuthal component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), observed during the storm, and the seasonal behavior of the conductivity are consistent with the open magnetosphere model and with satellite observations of auroras in two hemispheres. We have shown that the weakening of the asymmetry of two types in the FAC distribution during substorms in the storm under study occurs almost completely in the winter hemisphere and is much weaker in the summer one. We associate this phenomenon with the predominance of the effect of long-term exposure to the azimuthal IMF component in the sunlit polar ionosphere of the summer hemisphere over the substorm symmetrization effect of the night magnetosphere. A symmetrization effect of the polar cap and FACs, created by the solar wind pressure pulse at the end of the storm, is observed. We propose a qualitative explanation of this effect.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We continue to study the physical processes occurring during the August 17, 2001 magnetospheric storm by analyzing the dynamics of the intensity of field-aligned currents (FACs) in Iijima—Potemra Region 1 in the polar ionospheres of two hemispheres, using the modernized magnetogram inversion technique. The results obtained on the dynamics of the FAC asymmetry of two types (dawn–dusk and interhemispheric), as well as the previously obtained regularities in the behavior of Hall currents and polar cap boundaries depending on the large azimuthal component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), observed during the storm, and the seasonal behavior of the conductivity are consistent with the open magnetosphere model and with satellite observations of auroras in two hemispheres. We have shown that the weakening of the asymmetry of two types in the FAC distribution during substorms in the storm under study occurs almost completely in the winter hemisphere and is much weaker in the summer one. We associate this phenomenon with the predominance of the effect of long-term exposure to the azimuthal IMF component in the sunlit polar ionosphere of the summer hemisphere over the substorm symmetrization effect of the night magnetosphere. A symmetrization effect of the polar cap and FACs, created by the solar wind pressure pulse at the end of the storm, is observed. We propose a qualitative explanation of this effect.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>storm</kwd>
    <kwd>substorm</kwd>
    <kwd>field-aligned currents</kwd>
    <kwd>dawn–dusk asymmetry</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>storm</kwd>
    <kwd>substorm</kwd>
    <kwd>field-aligned currents</kwd>
    <kwd>dawn–dusk asymmetry</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson G., Hutchison D. Effect of the day night ionospheric conductivity gradient on polar cap convective flow. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1978, vol. 83, no. A2, pp. 725-729. DOI: 10.1029/JA083iA02p00725.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson G., Hutchison D. Effect of the day night ionospheric conductivity gradient on polar cap convective flow. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1978, vol. 83, no. A2, pp. 725-729. DOI: 10.1029/JA083iA02p00725.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benkevich L. Effects of ionospheric conductance in high latitude phenomena: PhD Thesis,  University of Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, Canada, 2006, 210 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benkevich L. Effects of ionospheric conductance in high latitude phenomena: PhD Thesis,  University of Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, Canada, 2006, 210 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benkevich L., Lyatsky W., Cogger L.L. Field-aligned currents between conjugate hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2000, vol. 105, no. A12, pp. 27727-27737. DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900095.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benkevich L., Lyatsky W., Cogger L.L. Field-aligned currents between conjugate hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2000, vol. 105, no. A12, pp. 27727-27737. DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900095.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boroev P.H., Gelberg M.G. Dependence of the longitudinal localization of the substorm center in geosynchronous orbits on the IMF Vy component. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2001, vol. 41, no. 5, pp.588-594. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boroev P.H., Gelberg M.G. Dependence of the longitudinal localization of the substorm center in geosynchronous orbits on the IMF Vy component. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2001, vol. 41, no. 5, pp.588-594. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowley S.W.H. Magnetospheric asymmetries associated with the y-component of the IMF. Planet. Space Sci. 1981, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 79-96. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(81)90141-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowley S.W.H. Magnetospheric asymmetries associated with the y-component of the IMF. Planet. Space Sci. 1981, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 79-96. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(81)90141-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowley S.W.H., Lockwood M. Excitation and decay of solar-wind driven flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Ann. Geophys. 1992, vol. 10, pp. 103-115.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowley S.W.H., Lockwood M. Excitation and decay of solar-wind driven flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Ann. Geophys. 1992, vol. 10, pp. 103-115.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coxon J.C., Milan S.E., Anderson B.J. A Review of Birkeland Current Research Using AMPERE. Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond. Eds. A. Keiling et al. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. 2018, pp. 259-278. DOI: 10.1002/9781119324522.ch16.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coxon J.C., Milan S.E., Anderson B.J. A Review of Birkeland Current Research Using AMPERE. Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond. Eds. A. Keiling et al. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. 2018, pp. 259-278. DOI: 10.1002/9781119324522.ch16.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forsyth C., Shortt M., Coxon J.C., et al. Seasonal and temporal variations of field-aligned currents and ground magnetic deflections during substorms. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 2696-2713. DOI: 10.1002/2017ja025136.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forsyth C., Shortt M., Coxon J.C., et al. Seasonal and temporal variations of field-aligned currents and ground magnetic deflections during substorms. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 2696-2713. DOI: 10.1002/2017ja025136.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haaland S., Lybekk B., Maes L., et al. North-south asymmetries in cold plasma density in the magnetotail lobes: Cluster observations. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2017, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 136-149. DOI: 10.1002/2016ja023404.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haaland S., Lybekk B., Maes L., et al. North-south asymmetries in cold plasma density in the magnetotail lobes: Cluster observations. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2017, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 136-149. DOI: 10.1002/2016ja023404.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iijima T., Potemra T.A. Large-scale characteristics of field-aligned currents associated with substorms. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1978, vol. 83, no. A2, pp. 599-615. DOI: 10.1029/JA083iA02p00599.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iijima T., Potemra T.A. Large-scale characteristics of field-aligned currents associated with substorms. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1978, vol. 83, no. A2, pp. 599-615. DOI: 10.1029/JA083iA02p00599.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostarev D. V., Mager P. N., Klimushkin D. Yu. Alfvén wave parallel electric field in the dipole model of the magnetosphere: Gyrokinetic treatment. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2021, vol. 126, e2020JA028611. DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028611.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostarev D. V., Mager P. N., Klimushkin D. Yu. Alfvén wave parallel electric field in the dipole model of the magnetosphere: Gyrokinetic treatment. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2021, vol. 126, e2020JA028611. DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028611.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liou K., Mitchell E.J. Hemispheric asymmetry of the premidnight aurora associated with the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019, vol. 124, pp. 1625-1634. DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025953.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liou K., Mitchell E.J. Hemispheric asymmetry of the premidnight aurora associated with the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019, vol. 124, pp. 1625-1634. DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025953.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukianova R., Kozlovsky A. Dynamics of polar boundary of the auroral oval derived from the IMAGE satellite data. Cosmic Res. 2013, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 46-53. DOI: 10.1134/s0010952513010061.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukianova R., Kozlovsky A. Dynamics of polar boundary of the auroral oval derived from the IMAGE satellite data. Cosmic Res. 2013, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 46-53. DOI: 10.1134/s0010952513010061.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lunyushkin S.B., Mishin V.V., Karavaev Y.A., et al. Studying the dynamics of electric currents and polar caps in ionospheres of two hemispheres during the August 17, 2001 geomagnetic storm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 15-27. DOI: 10.12737/stp-52201903.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lunyushkin S.B., Mishin V.V., Karavaev Y.A., et al. Studying the dynamics of electric currents and polar caps in ionospheres of two hemispheres during the August 17, 2001 geomagnetic storm. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 15-27. DOI: 10.12737/stp-52201903.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyatskaya S., Khazanov G.V., Zesta E. Interhemispheric field-aligned currents: Simulation results. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2014, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 5600-5612. DOI: 10.1002/2013ja019558.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyatskaya S., Khazanov G.V., Zesta E. Interhemispheric field-aligned currents: Simulation results. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2014, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 5600-5612. DOI: 10.1002/2013ja019558.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyatskaya S., Lyatsky W., Zesta E. Effect of interhemispheric currents on equivalent ionospheric currents in two hemispheres: Simulation results. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 1339-1348. DOI: 10.1002/2015ja021167.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyatskaya S., Lyatsky W., Zesta E. Effect of interhemispheric currents on equivalent ionospheric currents in two hemispheres: Simulation results. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 1339-1348. DOI: 10.1002/2015ja021167.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyatsky W.B. Tokovye sistemy magnitosferno-ionosfernyh vozmushchenii [Current Systems of Magnetospheric-Ionospheric Disturbances]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1978, 199 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyatsky W.B. Tokovye sistemy magnitosferno-ionosfernyh vozmushchenii [Current Systems of Magnetospheric-Ionospheric Disturbances]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1978, 199 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyatsky W.B., Maltsev Yu.P. Magnitosferno-ionosfernoe vzaimodeistvie [The Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interaction]. Moscow, USSR, Nauka Publ., 1983, 192 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyatsky W.B., Maltsev Yu.P. Magnitosferno-ionosfernoe vzaimodeistvie [The Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interaction]. Moscow, USSR, Nauka Publ., 1983, 192 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M. Spokojnye geomagnitnye variatsii i toki v magnitosfere [Quiet geomagnetic variations and currents in the magnetosphere]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1976, 203 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M. Spokojnye geomagnitnye variatsii i toki v magnitosfere [Quiet geomagnetic variations and currents in the magnetosphere]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1976, 203 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M. The magnetogram inversion technique and some applications. Space Sci. Rev. 1990, vol. 53, no. 1-2, pp. 83-163. DOI: 10.1007/bf00217429.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M. The magnetogram inversion technique and some applications. Space Sci. Rev. 1990, vol. 53, no. 1-2, pp. 83-163. DOI: 10.1007/bf00217429.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A. Magnetospheric substorms in the Earth two hemispheres. The 8 March 2008 and 6 April 2000 events. Danish Scientific J. 2020, vol. 2, no.42, pp. 7-21.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A. Magnetospheric substorms in the Earth two hemispheres. The 8 March 2008 and 6 April 2000 events. Danish Scientific J. 2020, vol. 2, no.42, pp. 7-21.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Bazarzhapov A.D., Saifudinova T.I., et al. Different Methods to Determine the Polar Cap Area. J. Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity. 1992, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1207-1214. DOI: 10.5636/jgg.44.1207.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Bazarzhapov A.D., Saifudinova T.I., et al. Different Methods to Determine the Polar Cap Area. J. Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity. 1992, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1207-1214. DOI: 10.5636/jgg.44.1207.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A., Förster M. Electric circuits and their generators in the Earth’s magnetosphere: The concept of electric circuits as applied to the first phase of the April 6, 2000 superstorm. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2010, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 978-987. DOI: 10.1134/s0016793210080086.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A., Förster M. Electric circuits and their generators in the Earth’s magnetosphere: The concept of electric circuits as applied to the first phase of the April 6, 2000 superstorm. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2010, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 978-987. DOI: 10.1134/s0016793210080086.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Förster M., Kurikalova M.A., Mishin V.V. The generator system of field-aligned currents during the April 06, 2000, superstorm. Adv. Space Res. 2011, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1172-1183. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.05.029.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Förster M., Kurikalova M.A., Mishin V.V. The generator system of field-aligned currents during the April 06, 2000, superstorm. Adv. Space Res. 2011, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1172-1183. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.05.029.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A., Mishin V.V., et al. Field-aligned current dynamics in two selected intervals of the 6 April 2000 superstorm. Proc. XXXVIII Annual Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena”. Apatity, Russia, 2015a, pp. 24-27.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Kurikalova M.A., Mishin V.V., et al. Field-aligned current dynamics in two selected intervals of the 6 April 2000 superstorm. Proc. XXXVIII Annual Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena”. Apatity, Russia, 2015a, pp. 24-27.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V., Kurikalova M.A., et al. Field-aligned current dynamics during two substorms of summer and winter types and model for the electric circuit of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system of two hemispheres. Proc. XXXVIII Annual Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena”. Apatity, Russia, 2015b, pp. 28-31.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V., Kurikalova M.A., et al. Field-aligned current dynamics during two substorms of summer and winter types and model for the electric circuit of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system of two hemispheres. Proc. XXXVIII Annual Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena”. Apatity, Russia, 2015b, pp. 28-31.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V., Moiseev A.V. Distribution of the field-aligned currents in the ionosphere: dawn-dusk asymmetry and its relation to the asymmetry between the two hemispheres. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2016, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 524-534. DOI: 10.7868/S0016794016050096.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V., Moiseev A.V. Distribution of the field-aligned currents in the ionosphere: dawn-dusk asymmetry and its relation to the asymmetry between the two hemispheres. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2016, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 524-534. DOI: 10.7868/S0016794016050096.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V, Kurikalova M.A., et al. Positive and negative feedbacks in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 187, pp. 10-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.03.002.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishin V.M., Mishin V.V, Kurikalova M.A., et al. Positive and negative feedbacks in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 187, pp. 10-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.03.002.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moses J.J., Siscoe G.L., Crooker N.U., Gorney D.J. IMF By and day-night conductivity effects in the expanding polar cap convection model. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1987, vol. 92, no. A2, pp. 1193-1198. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA02p01193.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moses J.J., Siscoe G.L., Crooker N.U., Gorney D.J. IMF By and day-night conductivity effects in the expanding polar cap convection model. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1987, vol. 92, no. A2, pp. 1193-1198. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA02p01193.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pettigrew E.D., Shepherd S.G., Ruohoniemi J.M. Climatological patterns of high-latitude convection in the Northern and Southern hemispheres: Dipole tilt dependencies and interhemispheric comparisons. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2010, vol. 115, no. A7, pp. A07305. DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014956.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pettigrew E.D., Shepherd S.G., Ruohoniemi J.M. Climatological patterns of high-latitude convection in the Northern and Southern hemispheres: Dipole tilt dependencies and interhemispheric comparisons. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2010, vol. 115, no. A7, pp. A07305. DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014956.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reistad J.P., Østgaard N., Laundal K.M., et al. Observations of asymmetries in ionospheric return flow during different levels of geomagnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 4638-4651. DOI: 10.1029/2017ja025051.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reistad J.P., Østgaard N., Laundal K.M., et al. Observations of asymmetries in ionospheric return flow during different levels of geomagnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 4638-4651. DOI: 10.1029/2017ja025051.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reistad J.P., Laundal K.M., Østgaard N., et al. Separation and quantification of ionospheric convection sources: 2. The dipole tilt angle influence on reverse convection cells during northward IMF. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 6182-6194. DOI: 10.1029/2019ja026641.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reistad J.P., Laundal K.M., Østgaard N., et al. Separation and quantification of ionospheric convection sources: 2. The dipole tilt angle influence on reverse convection cells during northward IMF. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 6182-6194. DOI: 10.1029/2019ja026641.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richmond A.D., Roble R.G. Electrodynamic effects of thermospheric winds from the NCAR Thermospheric General Circulation Model. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1987, vol. 92, no. A11, pp. 12365-12376. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA11p12365.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richmond A.D., Roble R.G. Electrodynamic effects of thermospheric winds from the NCAR Thermospheric General Circulation Model. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1987, vol. 92, no. A11, pp. 12365-12376. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA11p12365.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senior C., Fontaine D., Caudal G., et al. Convection electric fields and electrostatic potential over 6172 invariant latitude observed with the European incoherent scatter facility: 2. Statistical results. Ann. Geophys. 1990, vol. 8, pp. 257-272.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senior C., Fontaine D., Caudal G., et al. Convection electric fields and electrostatic potential over 6172 invariant latitude observed with the European incoherent scatter facility: 2. Statistical results. Ann. Geophys. 1990, vol. 8, pp. 257-272.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shue J.-H. Dependence of the ionospheric convection pattern on the conductivity and the southward IMF: Ph. D. Thesis. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1993, 141 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shue J.-H. Dependence of the ionospheric convection pattern on the conductivity and the southward IMF: Ph. D. Thesis. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1993, 141 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirapov D.S., Mishin V.M. Modelirovanie global'nykh elektrodinamicheskikh processov v geomagnitosfere [Modeling of the Global Electrodynamic Processes in the Geomagnetosphere]. Ulan-Ude, East Siberian State Technological University Publ., 2009, 213 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirapov D.S., Mishin V.M. Modelirovanie global'nykh elektrodinamicheskikh processov v geomagnitosfere [Modeling of the Global Electrodynamic Processes in the Geomagnetosphere]. Ulan-Ude, East Siberian State Technological University Publ., 2009, 213 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stenbaek-Nielsen H.C., Otto A. Conjugate auroras and the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1997, vol. 102, no. A2, pp. 2223-2232. DOI: 10.1029/96ja03563.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stenbaek-Nielsen H.C., Otto A. Conjugate auroras and the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1997, vol. 102, no. A2, pp. 2223-2232. DOI: 10.1029/96ja03563.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suvorova A.V. Flux enhancements of &gt;30 keV electrons at low drift shells L&lt;1.2 during last solar cycles. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2017, vol. 122, pp. 12,274-12,287. DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024556.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorova A.V. Flux enhancements of &gt;30 keV electrons at low drift shells L&lt;1.2 during last solar cycles. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2017, vol. 122, pp. 12,274-12,287. DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024556.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tenfjord P., Østgaard N., Snekvik K., et al. How the IMF By induces a By component in the closed magnetosphere and how it leads to asymmetric currents and convection patterns in the two hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 9368-9384. DOI: 10.1002/2015ja021579.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tenfjord P., Østgaard N., Snekvik K., et al. How the IMF By induces a By component in the closed magnetosphere and how it leads to asymmetric currents and convection patterns in the two hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 9368-9384. DOI: 10.1002/2015ja021579.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velichko V.A., Boroyev R.N., Gelberg M.G. Azimuthal asymmetry of field-aligned currents flowing in and out of the ionosphere in a substorm current wedge. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2002, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 619-623. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velichko V.A., Boroyev R.N., Gelberg M.G. Azimuthal asymmetry of field-aligned currents flowing in and out of the ionosphere in a substorm current wedge. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2002, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 619-623. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velichko V.A., Boroyev R.N., Gelberg M.G., et al. North-south asymmetry of the substorm intensity depending on the IMF By-component. Earth, Planets and Space. 2002, vol. 54, pp. 955-961.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velichko V.A., Boroyev R.N., Gelberg M.G., et al. North-south asymmetry of the substorm intensity depending on the IMF By-component. Earth, Planets and Space. 2002, vol. 54, pp. 955-961.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Østgaard N., Reistad J.P., Tenfjord P., et al. The asymmetric geospace as displayed during the geomagnetic storm on August 17, 2001. Ann. Geophys. 2018, vol. 36, pp. 1577-1596. DOI: 10.5194/angeo-2018-65.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Østgaard N., Reistad J.P., Tenfjord P., et al. The asymmetric geospace as displayed during the geomagnetic storm on August 17, 2001. Ann. Geophys. 2018, vol. 36, pp. 1577-1596. DOI: 10.5194/angeo-2018-65.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B43">
    <label>43.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://ckp-angara.iszf.irk.ru/index_en.html (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://ckp-angara.iszf.irk.ru/index_en.html (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B44">
    <label>44.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.intermagnet.org/data-donnee/download- eng.php (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://www.intermagnet.org/data-donnee/download- eng.php (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B45">
    <label>45.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://space.fmi./Image (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://space.fmi./Image (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B46">
    <label>46.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://space.augsburg.edu/maccs/requestdatafile.jsp (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://space.augsburg.edu/maccs/requestdatafile.jsp (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B47">
    <label>47.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://www.gi.alaska.edu/monitors/magnetometer (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://www.gi.alaska.edu/monitors/magnetometer (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B48">
    <label>48.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.carisma.ca (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://www.carisma.ca (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B49">
    <label>49.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://supermag.jhuapl.edu (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://supermag.jhuapl.edu (accessed June 18, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
