<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43334</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-74202104</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Relationship between geomagnetic storm development and the solar wind parameter β</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Связь развития геомагнитных бурь с параметром ß солнечного ветра</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куражковская</surname>
       <given-names>Надежда Андреевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurazhkovskaya</surname>
       <given-names>Nadezhda Andreevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>knady@borok.yar.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зотов</surname>
       <given-names>Олег Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zotov</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ozotov@inbox.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Клайн</surname>
       <given-names>Борис Ицикович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Klain</surname>
       <given-names>Boris Icikovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>klain@borok.yar.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизическая обсерватория «Борок» ИФЗ РАН</institution>
     <city>Борок</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Borok Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS</institution>
     <city>Borok</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизическая обсерватория «Борок» ИФЗ РАН</institution>
     <city>Борок</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Borok Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS</institution>
     <city>Borok</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизическая обсерватория «Борок» ИФЗ РАН</institution>
     <city>Борок</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Borok Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS</institution>
     <city>Borok</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>20</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>20</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>25</fpage>
   <lpage>34</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-08-23T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>23</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43334/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43334/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Исследована динамика параметров солнечного ветра (СВ) и межпланетного магнитного поля (ММП) во время развития 933 изолированных геомагнитных бурь, наблюдавшихся в период с 1964 по 2010 г. Анализ выполнялся методом наложенных эпох на интервале 48 ч до и 168 ч после момента минимума Dst-индекса. Селекция геомагнитных бурь проводилась по типу начала бурь (внезапное или постепенное) и по интенсивности (слабые, умеренные и сильные). Динамика параметров СВ и ММП сопоставлялась с динамикой Dst-индекса, являющегося индикатором развития геомагнитных бурь. Показано, что наибольшее количество бурь в цикле солнечной активности наблюдалось в годы минимальных средних значений (близких по величине к 1) параметра β СВ (β — отношение плазменного давления к магнитному). Обнаружено подобие динамики Dst-индекса и β-параметра СВ. Продолжительность фазы восстановления бурь следует за характерным временем восстановления параметра β. Установлено, что на главной фазе магнитной бури значение β близко к 1, что отражает максимальную турбулентность плазмы СВ. На фазе восстановления β возвращается к фоновым значениям ~2‒3.5. Предполагается, что турбулентность плазмы СВ, характеризуемая величиной параметра β, может играть значительную роль в процессе развития геомагнитных бурь.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We have analyzed the dynamics of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters during the development of 933 isolated geomagnetic storms, observed over the period from 1964 to 2010. The analysis was carried out using the epoch superposition method at intervals of 48 hrs before and 168 hrs after the moment of Dst minimum. The geomagnetic storms were selected by the type of storm commencement (sudden or gradual) and by intensity (weak, moderate, and strong). The dynamics of the solar wind and IMF parameters was compared with that of the Dst index, which is an indicator of the development of geomagnetic storms. The largest number of storms in the solar activity cycle is shown to occur in the years of minimum average values (close in magnitude to 1) of the solar wind parameter β (β is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure). We have revealed that the dynamics of the Dst index is similar to that of the β parameter. The duration of the storm recovery phase follows the characteristic recovery time of the β parameter. We have found out that during the storm main phase the β parameter is close to 1, which reflects the maximum turbulence of solar wind plasma fluctuations. In the recovery phase, β returns to background values β~2‒3.5. We assume that the solar wind plasma turbulence, characterized by the β parameter, can play a significant role in the development of geomagnetic storms.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>геомагнитные бури</kwd>
    <kwd>солнечный ветер</kwd>
    <kwd>межпланетное магнитное поле</kwd>
    <kwd>Dst индекс</kwd>
    <kwd>параметр β</kwd>
    <kwd>турбулентность</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>geomagnetic storms</kwd>
    <kwd>solar wind</kwd>
    <kwd>interplanetary magnetic field</kwd>
    <kwd>Dst index</kwd>
    <kwd>β parameter</kwd>
    <kwd>turbulence</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по теме «Влияние космических факторов на развитие экстремальных процессов в магнитосфере Земли», госзадание № 0144-2014-00116</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was performed under Government Assignment “Impact of Cosmic Factors on the Development of Extreme Processes in Earth's Magnetosphere” No. 0144-2014-00116</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акасофу С.И., Чепмен С. Солнечно-земная физика. Часть 2. М.: Мир, 1975. 512 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akasofu S.-I., Chapman S. Solnechno-zemnaya fizika. Chast’ 2. [Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Part 2]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1975, 512 p. (In Russian). (English edition: Akasofu S.-I., Chapman S. Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972, 901 p.)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веселовский И.С., Дмитриев А.В., Суворова А.В. Алгебра и статистика солнечного ветра. Космические исследования. 2010. Т. 48, № 2. С. 115-130.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonova E.E. Magnetostatic equilibrium and turbulent transport in Earth’s magnetosphere: A review of experimental observation data and theoretical approaches. International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2002, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 117-130.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дремухина Л.А., Ермолаев Ю.И., Лодкина И.Г. Динамика межпланетных параметров и геомагнитных индексов в периоды магнитных бурь, инициированных разными типами солнечного ветра. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. 2019. Т. 59, № 6. С. 683-695. DOI: 10.1134/S0016794019060063.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonova E.E. Magnetostatic equilibrium and current systems in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2004, vol. 33, pp. 752-760. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00636-7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолаев Ю.И., Ермолаев М.Ю., Лодкина И.Г., Николаева Н.С. Статистическое исследование гелиосферных условий, приводящих к магнитным бурям. Космические исследования. 2007. Т. 45, № 1. С. 3-11.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovsky J.E., Funsten H.O. Role of solar wind turbulence in the coupling of the solar wind to the Earth’s magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, vol. 108, iss. A6, 1246. DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009601.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолаев Ю.И., Николаева Н.С., Лодкина И.Г., Ермолаев М.Ю. Каталог крупномасштабных явлений солнечного ветра для периода 1976-2000 гг. Космические исследования. 2009. Т. 47, № 2. С. 99-113.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovsky J.E., Denton M.H. Differences between CME-driven storms and CIR-driven storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A07S08. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011447.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолаев Ю.И., Лодкина И.Г., Николаева Н.С., Ермолаев М.Ю. Статистическое исследование влияния межпланетных условий на геомагнитные бури. Космические исследования. 2010. Т. 48, № 6. С. 499-515.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burton R.K., McPherron R.L. Russell C.T. An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst. J. Geophys. Res. 1975, vol. 80, pp. 4204-4214. DOI: 10.1029 /JA080i031p04204.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зотов О.Д., Клайн Б.И. Триггерный режим в динамике магнитосферы // Триггерные эффекты в геосистемах: материалы IV Всероссийской конференции с международным участием (Москва, 6-9 июня 2017 г.) / Под ред. В.В. Адушкина, Г.Г. Кочаряна. М.: ГЕОС, 2017. С. 442-449.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyshov A.A., Karelsky K.V., Petrosyan A.S. Subgrid-scale modeling for the study of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in space plasmas. Physics-Uspekhi. 2014, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 421-454. DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184. 201405a.0457.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зотов О.Д., Клайн Б.И., Куражковская Н.А. Особенности динамики магнитосферы в цикле солнечной активности // Проблемы геокосмоса. Материалы 12-й международной школы-конференции. Санкт-Петербург, Петергоф. 8-12 октября 2018 г. / Отв. редакторы Н.Ю. Бобров, Н.В. Золотова, А.А. Костеров, Т.Б. Яновская. СПб.: Изд-во ВВМ, 2018. C. 320-325.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amicis R., Bruno R., Bavassano B. Geomagnetic activity driven by solar wind turbulence. Adv. Space Res. 2010, vol. 46, pp. 514-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.031.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зотов О.Д., Клайн Б.И., Куражковская Н.А. Влияние параметра  солнечного ветра на статистические характеристики Ap-индекса в цикле солнечной активности. Солнечно-земная физика. 2019. Т. 5, № 4. С. 55-63. DOI: 10.12737/szf-54201906.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dremukhina L.A., Yermolaev Y.I., Lodkina I.G. Dynamics of interplanetary parameters and geomagnetic indices during magnetic storms induced by different types of solar wind. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2019, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 639-650. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793219060069.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куражковская Н.А. Глобальная возмущенность магнитосферы и ее связь с космической погодой. Солнечно-земная физика. 2020. Т. 6, № 1. С. 51-62. DOI: 10.12737/szf-61202005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Echer E., Gonzalez W.D., Tsurutani B.T., Gonzalez A.L. Interplanetary conditions causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst≤-100 nT) during solar cycle 23 (1996-2006). J. Geophys. Res. 2008, vol. 113, A05221. DOI: 10.1029/2007 JA012744.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обридко В.Н., Канониди Х.Д., Митрофанова Т.А., Шельтинг Б.Д. Солнечная активность и геомагнитные возмущения. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. 2013. Т. 53, № 2. С. 157-166. DOI: 10.7868/S0016794013010148.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez W.D., Joselyn J.A., Kamide Y., Kroehl H.W., Rostoker G., Tsurutani B.T., Vasyliunas V.M. What is a geomagnetic storm? J. Geophys. Res. 1994, vol. 99, no. A4, pp. 5771-5792. DOI: 10.1029/93JA02867.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пулинец М.С., Рязанцева М.О., Антонова Е.Е., Кирпичев И.П. Зависимость параметров магнитного поля вблизи подсолнечной точки магнитосферы от межпланетного магнитного поля по данным эксперимента THEMIS. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. 2012. Т. 52, № 6. С. 769-778.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez W.D., Tsurutani B.T., Clua de Gonzalez A.L. Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms. Space Sci. Rev. 1999, vol. 88, pp. 529-562. DOI: 10.1023/A:1005160129098.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышов А.А., Карельский К.В., Петросян А.С. Подсеточное моделирование для исследования сжимаемой магнитогидродинамической турбулентности космической плазмы. УФН. 2014. Т. 184, № 5. C. 457-492. DOI: 10.3367/ UFNr.0184.201405a.0457.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo J., Feng X., Zhang J., Zuo P., Xiang C. Statistical properties and geoefficiency of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and their heaths during intense geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A09107. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA015140.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonova E.E. Magnetostatic equilibrium and turbulent transport in Earth’s magnetosphere: A review of experimental observation data and theoretical approaches. International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2002. Vol. 3, no. 2. P. 117-130.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haines C., Owens M.J., Barnard L., Lockwood M., Ruffenach A. The variation of geomagnetic storm duration with intensity. Solar Phys. 2019, vol. 294, 154. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-019-1546-z.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonova E.E. Magnetostatic equilibrium and current systems in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2004. Vol. 33. P. 752-760. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00636-7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutchinson J.A., Wright D.M., Milan S.E. Geomagnetic storms over the last solar cycle: A superposed epoch analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, vol. 116, A09211. DOI: 10.1029/ 2011JA016463.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borovsky J.E., Funsten H.O. Role of solar wind turbulence in the coupling of the solar wind to the Earth’s magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 2003. Vol. 108, iss. A6, 1246. DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009601.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katus R.M., Liemohn M.W., Ionides E.L., Ilie R., Welling D., Sarno-Smith L.K. Statistical analysis of the geomagnetic response to different solar wind drivers and the dependence on storm intensity. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 12, pp. 310-327. DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020712.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borovsky J.E., Denton M.H. Differences between CME-driven storms and CIR-driven storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2006. Vol. 111, iss. A7, A07S08. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011447.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurazhkovskaya N.A. Global disturbance of Earth’s magnetosphere and its connection with space weather. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2020, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 41-49. DOI: 10.12737/stp-61202005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burton R.K., McPherron R.L. Russell C.T. An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst. J. Geophys. Res. 1975. Vol. 80. P. 4204-4214. DOI: 10.1029/ JA080i031p04204.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loewe C.A., Prӧlss G.W. Classification and mean behavior of magnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, vol. 102, no. A7, pp. 14209-14213. DOI: 10.1029/96JA04020.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amicis R., Bruno R., Bavassano B. Geomagnetic activity driven by solar wind turbulence. Adv. Space Res. 2010. Vol. 46. P. 514-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.031.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyatsky W., Tan A. Solar wind disturbances responsible for geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, vol. 108, iss. A3, 1134. DOI: 10.1029/2001JA005057.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Echer E., Gonzalez W.D., Tsurutani B.T., Gonzalez A.L. Interplanetary conditions causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst≤-100 nT) during solar cycle 23 (1996-2006). J. Geophys. Res. 2008. Vol. 113, iss. A5, A05221. DOI: 10.1029/ 2007JA012744.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obridko V.N., Kanonidi Kh.D., Mitrofanova T.A., Shelting B.D. Solar activity and geomagnetic disturbances. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2013, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 147-156. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793213010143.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez W.D., Joselyn J.A., Kamide Y., et al. What is a geomagnetic storm? J. Geophys. Res. 1994. Vol. 99, no. A4. P. 5771-5792. DOI: 10.1029/93JA02867.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pulinets M.S., Ryazantsev M.O., Antonova E.E., Kirpichev I. P. Dependence of magnetic field parameters at the subsolar point of the magnetosphere on the interplanetary magnetic field according to the data of the THEMIS experiment. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2012, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 730-739. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793212060084.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez W.D., Tsurutani B.T., Clua de Gonzalez A.L. Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms. Space Sci. Rev. 1999. Vol. 88. P. 529-562. DOI: 10.1023/A:1005160129098.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Šafránková J., Němeček Z., Němec F., Montagud-Camps V., Verscharen D., Verdini A., Ďurovcová T. Anisotropy of magnetic field and velocity fluctuations in the solar wind. Astrophys. J. 2021, vol. 913, no. 2, 80, 12 p. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf6c9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo J., Feng X., Zhang J., et al. Statistical properties and geoefficiency of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and their heaths during intense geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2010. Vol. 115, A09107. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA015140.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsurutani B.T., Gonzalez W.D., Gonzalez A.L.C., Guarnieri F.L., Gopalswamy N., Grande M., Kamide Y., Kasahara Y., Lu G., Mann I., McPherron R., Soraas F., Vasyliunas V. Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A07S01. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011273.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haines C., Owens M.J., Barnard L., et al. The variation of geomagnetic storm duration with intensity. Solar Phys. 2019. Vol. 294, 154. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-019-1546-z.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vennerstroem S. Interplanetary sources of magnetic storms: A statistical study. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, vol. 106, no. A12, pp. 29,175-29,184. DOI: 10.1029/2001JA000004.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutchinson J.A., Wright D.M., Milan S.E. Geomagnetic storms over the last solar cycle: A superposed epoch analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 2011. Vol. 116, A09211. DOI: 10.1029/ 2011JA016463.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veselovsky I.S., Dmitriev A.V., Suvorova A.V. Algebra and statistics of the solar wind. Cosmic Res. 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 113-128. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952510020012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katus R.M., Liemohn M.W., Ionides E.L., et al. Statistical analysis of the geomagnetic response to different solar wind drivers and the dependence on storm intensity. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015. Vol. 12. P. 310-327. DOI: 10.1002/ 2014JA020712.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vichare G., Alex S., Lakhina G.S. Some characteristics of intense geomagnetic storms and their energy budget. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, vol. 110, A03204. DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010418.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loewe C.A., Prӧlss G.W. Classification and mean behavior of magnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 1997. Vol. 102, no. A7. P. 14209-14213. DOI: 10.1029/96JA04020.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Tu C.-Y., He J.-S., Wang L.-H. Ion-scale spectral break in the normal plasma beta range in the solar wind turbulence. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018, vol. 123, pp. 68-75. DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024813.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyatsky W., Tan A. Solar wind disturbances responsible for geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 2003. Vol. 108, iss. A3, 1134. DOI: 10.1029/2001JA005057.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu C.-C., Lepping R. P. Effect of solar wind velocity on magnetic cloud-associated magnetic storm intensity. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, vol. 107, iss. A11, 1346. DOI: 10.1029/ 2002JA009396.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Šafránková J., Němeček Z., Němec F., et al. Anisotropy of magnetic field and velocity fluctuations in the solar wind. Astrophys. J. 2021. Vol. 913, no. 2, 80. 12 p. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf6c9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolaev Y.I., Yermolaev M.Y., Lodkina I.G., Nikolaeva N.S. Statistical investigation of heliospheric conditions resulting in magnetic storms. Cosmic Res. 2007, vol. 45, no.1, pp. 1-8. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952507010017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsurutani B.T., Gonzalez W.D., Gonzalez A.L.C., et al. Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review. J. Geophys. Res. 2006. Vol. 111, A07S01. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011273.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolaev Yu.I., Nikolaeva N.S., Lodkina I.G., Yermolaev M.Yu. Catalog of large-scale solar wind phenomena during 1976-2000. Cosmic Res. 2009, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 81-94. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952509020014.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vennerstroem S. Interplanetary sources of magnetic storms: A statistical study. J. Geophys. Res. 2001. Vol. 106, no. A12. P. 29,175-29,184. DOI: 10.1029/2001JA000004.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolaev Yu.I., Lodkina I.G., Nikolaeva N.S., Yermolaev M.Yu. Statistical study of interplanetary condition effect on geomagnetic storms. Cosmic Res. 2010a, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 485-500. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952510060018.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vichare G., Alex S., Lakhina G.S. Some characteristics of intense geomagnetic storms and their energy budget. J. Geophys. Res. 2005. Vol. 110. A03204. DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010418.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolaev Yu.I., Nikolaeva N.S., Lodkina I.G., Yermolaev M.Yu. Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-, Sheath-, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis. Ann. Geophys. 2010b, vol. 28. pp. 2177-2186. DOI: 10.5194/angeo-28-2177-2010.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Tu C.-Y., He J.-S., Wang L.-H. Ion-scale spectral break in the normal plasma beta range in the solar wind turbulence. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2018. Vol. 123. P. 68-75. DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024813.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yermolaev Y.I., Lodkina I.G., Dremukhina L.A., Yermolaev M.Y., Khokhlachev A.A. What solar-terrestrial link researchers should know about interplanetary drivers. Universe. 2021, vol. 7, 138. DOI: 10.3390/universe7050138.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu C.-C., Lepping R.P. Effect of solar wind velocity on magnetic cloud-associated magnetic storm intensity. J. Geophys. Res. 2002. Vol. 107, iss. A11, 1346. DOI: 10.1029/ 2002JA009396.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J.-C., Liemohn M.W., Kozyra J.U., Thomsen M.F., Elliott H.A., Weygand J.M. A statistical comparison of solar wind sources of moderate and intense geomagnetic storms at solar minimum and maximum. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A01104. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011065.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yermolaev Yu.I., Nikolaeva N.S., Lodkina I.G., Yermolaev M.Yu. Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-, Sheath-, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis. Ann. Geophys. 2010. Vol. 28. P. 2177-2186. DOI: 10.5194/angeo-28-2177-2010.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotov O.D., Klain B.I. The trigger mode in the dynamics of the magnetosphere. Materialy 4 Vserossiskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem “Triggernye efecty v geosistemakh” [Proc. of the IV All-Russian Conference with International Participation “Trigger Effects in Geosystems”. Moscow, June 6-9, 2017]. Moscow, GEOS Publ., 2017, pp. 442-449. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yermolaev Y.I., Lodkina I.G., Dremukhina L.A., et al. What solar-terrestrial link researchers should know about interplanetary drivers. Universe. 2021. Vol. 7, 138. DOI: 10.3390/ universe7050138.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotov O.D., Klain B.I., Kurazhkovskaya N.A. Peculiarities of the dynamics of the magnetosphere in the solar activity cycle. Materialy 12 mezhdunarodnoi shkoly-konferentsii “Problemy geocosmosa”. [Proc. of the 12th International School Conference “Problems of Geospace”. St. Petersburg, Peterhof, October 8-12, 2018]. St. Petersburg, VVM Publ., 2018, pp. 320-325. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J.-C., Liemohn M.W., Kozyra J.U., et al. A statistical comparison of solar wind sources of moderate and intense geomagnetic storms at solar minimum and maximum. J. Geophys. Res. 2006. Vol. 111, A01104. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011065.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotov O.D., Klain B.I., Kurazhkovskaya N.A. Influence of the  solar wind parameter on statistical characteristics of the Ap index in the solar activity cycle. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 46-52. DOI: 10.12737/stp-54201906.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/low_res_omni (дата обращения 8 сентября 2020 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/low_res_omni (accessed September 8, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.wdcb.ru/stp/geomag/geomagnetic_storms.ru. html (дата обращения 8 сентября 2020 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://www.wdcb.ru/stp/geomag/geomagnetic_storms.ru. html (accessed September 8, 2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.kakioka-jma.go.jp/obsdata/data-viewer (дата обращения 19 января 2021 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://www.kakioka-jma.go.jp/obsdata/data-viewer (accessed January 19, 2021).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
