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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43733</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-6-17-26</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation safety</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Decontamination of Contaminated Areas, Environmental Objects and Infrastructure of Settlements in Radiation Accidents</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЗАКТИВАЦИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ, ОБЪЕКТОВ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ  И ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ  ПРИ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ АВАРИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Галушкин</surname>
       <given-names>Б. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Galushkin</surname>
       <given-names>B. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>докторант технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctoral candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Богданова</surname>
       <given-names>Л. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bogdanova</surname>
       <given-names>L. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Молоканов</surname>
       <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Molokanov</surname>
       <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>65</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>17</fpage>
   <lpage>26</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43733/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43733/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Рассмотреть вопросы физико-механической дезактивации загрязненных территорий, объектов окружающей среды  и инфраструктуры населенных пунктов  при радиационной аварии и разработать математический аппарат расчета сил и средств при проведении физико-механической дезактивации.&#13;
&#13;
 Материалы и методы: Были проанализированы показатели загрязнения территорий и объектов радиоактивными веществами при аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и японской АЭС «Фукусима-дайити», используемые  методы дезактивации и технические средства, эффективность их использования. Опыт ликвидации последствий крупных радиационных аварий на атомных электростанциях, в том числе на Чернобыльской АЭС и АЭС «Фукусима-дайити»,  показывает, что дезактивация загрязненных территорий и населенных пунктов является очень трудоемким и дорогостоящим мероприятием, которое проводится для возобновления хозяйственной деятельности на значительных по площади загрязненных радионуклидами участках местности. Для проведения подобных работ требуется оценивать необходимое количество различных комплексов технических средств, а также привлекать многочисленные организации со своими специалистами и личным составом.&#13;
Результаты: Раcсмотрены вопросы физико-механической дезактивации дорог и участков местности, лесных угодий, грунта, зданий и сооружений и технических средств. Конкретизирован математический аппарат для расчета сил и средств, привлекаемых для дезактивационных работ. Разработанный методический подход может применяться для оценки необходимых сил и средств при ликвидации чрезвычайных происшествий различного характера, в том числе при ликвидации разливов нефти и ее продуктов, дезинфекции различных объектов и других аварийных ситуациях.&#13;
Заключение: Разработанные методы  расчета позволяют количественно оценить силы и средства, необходимые для проведения дезактивационных работ на загрязненной территории.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: To consider the issues of physical-mechanical decontamination of contaminated territories, environmental objects and infrastructure of settlements during a radiation accident and to develop a mathematical tool for evaluating forces and means during physical-mechanical decontamination. &#13;
 Materials and methods: Analyzed possible contamination of territories and facilities with radioactive materials during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) and the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi NPP, the methods used for decontamination and technical means, and the effectiveness of their use. The experience in dealing with the consequences of large scale radiation accidents at NPP, including the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi NPPs, shows that the decontamination of contaminated territories and settlements is a very time-consuming and costly undertaking, which is carried out to resume economic activity on large contaminated areas. To carry out such work, it is required to evaluate the needful amount of various sets of technical equipment involved, as well as the involvement of numerous organizations with their specialists and personnel. &#13;
Results: The issues of physical-mechanical decontamination of roads and sections of the terrain, forest land, soil, buildings and structures and technical equipment are considered. The mathematical tool for evaluation the forces and means involved in decontamination measures is given. The developed methodological approaches can be used to assess the necessary forces and means, responding to emergency incidents of a different nature: in responding spills of oil and its products, disinfection of various objects and in other emergency situations. &#13;
Conclusion: The developed calculation tool allows evaluate the forces and means necessary for decontamination in a contaminated area.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>радиационная авария</kwd>
    <kwd>дезактивация</kwd>
    <kwd>окружающая среда</kwd>
    <kwd>силы и средства</kwd>
    <kwd>радионуклиды</kwd>
    <kwd>объекты дезактивации</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>radiation accident</kwd>
    <kwd>decontamination</kwd>
    <kwd>environment</kwd>
    <kwd>forces and means</kwd>
    <kwd>radionuclides</kwd>
    <kwd>decontamination objects</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
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