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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43739</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-6-57-65</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation physics, technology and dosimetry</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная физика, техника и дозиметрия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE MEASURED EXPOSURE RATE OVER THE THYROID CORRESPONDING TO CERTAIN LEVELS OF THE ABSORBED DOSE IN THE THYROID FOR THE PUBLIC IN THE EARLY PERIOD AFTER A LARGE RADIATION ACCIDENT</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ОПЕРАТИВНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ДОЗЫ НАД ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗОЙ, СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИХ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫМ УРОВНЯМ ПОГЛОЩЕННОЙ ДОЗЫ В ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЕ, ДЛЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В РАННИЙ ПЕРИОД ПОСЛЕ КРУПНОЙ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ АВАРИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шинкарев</surname>
       <given-names>С. М.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shinkarev</surname>
       <given-names>S. M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Квачева</surname>
       <given-names>Ю Е</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kvacheva</surname>
       <given-names>Yu E</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Грачев</surname>
       <given-names>М. И.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Grachev</surname>
       <given-names>M. I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Андросова</surname>
       <given-names>А А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Androsova</surname>
       <given-names>A A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яценко</surname>
       <given-names>В. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yatsenko</surname>
       <given-names>V. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Будыка</surname>
       <given-names>А К</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Budyka</surname>
       <given-names>A K</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кутень</surname>
       <given-names>Cемен А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kuten'</surname>
       <given-names>Cemen A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хрущинский</surname>
       <given-names>А А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khrutchinsky</surname>
       <given-names>A A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, Москва</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, Москва</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center,Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ», Москва, Россия</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт ядерных проблем Белорусского Государственного Университета</institution>
     <city>Минск</city>
     <country>Беларусь</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Nuclear Problems</institution>
     <city>Minsk</city>
     <country>Belarus</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт ядерных проблем, Белорусский государственный университет, Минск, Республика Беларусь</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>65</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>57</fpage>
   <lpage>65</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43739/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/43739/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В случае крупной радиационной аварии на атомной электростанции наибольшую радиационную опасность для населения представляет внутреннее облучение щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) радиоактивными изотопами йода. Вышедший в 2013 г. стандарт МАГАТЭ c учетом опыта Чернобыльской и Фукусимской аварий рекомендует в первые 1–6 дней после вероятного ингаляционного поступления в организм радиойода проводить измерения мощности дозы над ЩЖ у населения и руководствоваться следующими операционными критериями: (а) 0,5 мкЗв· ч-1 для детей в возрасте до 7 лет включительно и (б) 2,0 мкЗв· ч-1 для детей старше 7 лет и взрослых. Эти операционные критерии являются индикаторными оценками, соответствующими дозовому диапазону внутреннего облучения 100–200 мГр в ЩЖ для всех возрастных групп. Однако представляет интерес более широкий диапазон доз и более детальное разбиение детей по пяти возрастным группам согласно рекомендациям МКРЗ. Целью настоящей работы является разработка способа оперативной оценки значений измеряемой мощности дозы над ЩЖ, соответствующих определенным уровням поглощенной дозы в ЩЖ, у лиц разного возраста для различных условий ингаляционного поступления радиойода и проведения измерений в ранний период после радиационной аварии с использованием радиометрических приборов, входящих в табельное оснащение дозиметрических бригад.&#13;
Согласно разработанному способу, для ожидаемой поглощенной дозы (100–200) мГр в ЩЖ выполнены расчеты значений мощности дозы над ЩЖ в зависимости от времени ингаляционного поступления в организм после аварии и времени, прошедшего с момента поступления до момента измерения, которые составили  0,6–4 мкЗв· ч-1 – для детей в возрасте 1 года и 4–27 мкЗв· ч-1 – для взрослых. Эти значения существенно выше, чем рекомендованные в стандарте МАГАТЭ 0,5 мкЗв· ч-1 и 2 мкЗв· ч-1, соответственно. Необходимо учитывать, что в рекомендациях МАГАТЭ представлены консервативные оценки измеряемой мощности дозы над ЩЖ с целью максимального охвата критических групп населения для проведения дальнейшего дозиметрического и медицинского обследования. Так, для отдельных вариантов времени ингаляционного поступления радиойода в организм и времени измерения, рекомендуемые МАГАТЭ значения мощности дозы над ЩЖ могут приводить к завышению поглощенной дозы в ЩЖ практически в 10 раз.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In case of a large radiation accident at the nuclear power station the most important radiation hazard for the public is internal exposure to the thyroid from radioiodine. The IAEA standard published in 2013 and accounting the experience of the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, recommends that, in the first 1-6 days after an inhalation intake of radioiodine the exposure rate over the thyroid be measured for the public and be guided by the following operational criteria: (a) 0.5 μSv · h-1 for children under the age of 7 years, and (b) 2 μSv ·h-1 for children over 7 years and adults. These operational criteria are indicative estimates corresponding to the dose range 100–200 mGy in the thyroid for all age groups. However, a wider range of thyroid doses and a more detailed breakdown of children into five age groups according to the recommendations of the ICRP are of interest.&#13;
The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for estimating the values of the measured exposure rate over the thyroid corresponding to certain levels of the absorbed dose in the thyroid for members of the public of different ages for various conditions of inhalation of radioiodine intake and times of measurement in the early period after a radiation accident.&#13;
According to the method developed in the paper for the committed absorbed dose 100-200 mGy in the thyroid the exposure rates over the thyroid were calculated depending upon the time of inhalation intake after the accident and the time span between the moment of intake and the moment of measurement, which were equal to: 0.6– 4 μSv ·h-1 - for children of 1 year and 4–27 μSv · h-1 – for adults. These values are significantly higher than those recommended by the IAEA Standard 0.5 μSv · h-1 and 2 μSv · h-1, respectively. It is important to stress that the IAEA recommendations provide conservative estimates of the measured exposure rate over the thyroid in order to maximize the coverage of critical group of the public for further dosimetric and medical examination. For example, for some options of the time of radioiodine inhalation intake and the time of measurement, the IAEA recommended the values of the exposure rate over the thyroid that can lead to an overestimation of the absorbed dose in the thyroid gland by a factor of up to 10.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>: радиационная авария</kwd>
    <kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd>
    <kwd>радиоактивный йод</kwd>
    <kwd>поглощенная доза</kwd>
    <kwd>население</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Radiation accident</kwd>
    <kwd>thyroid</kwd>
    <kwd>radioiodine</kwd>
    <kwd>absorbed dose</kwd>
    <kwd>the public</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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 <back>
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