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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44613</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-2-36-52</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная эпидемиология</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation epidemiology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная эпидемиология</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Radiation Hormesis and Epidemiology of Carcinogenesis: ‘Never the Twain Shall Meet’</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>РАДИАЦИОННЫЙ ГОРМЕЗИС И ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗА:  «ВМЕСТЕ ИМ НЕ СОЙТИСЬ»</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Котеров</surname>
       <given-names>А. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Koterov</surname>
       <given-names>A. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Вайнсон</surname>
       <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vaynson</surname>
       <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>66</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>36</fpage>
   <lpage>52</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>23</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/44613/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/44613/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В обзоре рассмотрены причины, не позволяющие использовать радиационный гормезис для нужд здравоохранения и для профилактики заболеваний у населения. Отмечается, что доказательства гормезисных эффектов малых доз радиации с низкой ЛПЭ получены только в лабораторных экспериментах на клетках и животных, с использованием гипотетико-дедуктивного метода и адекватных контролей. Некоторое подтверждение выявлено в бальнеологии (радонотерапия) и в клинике (иммуностимуляция у больных раком). В то же время, в эпидемиологических, обсервационных исследованиях, предусматривающих в основном метод индукции, нет однозначных данных о гормезисных эффектах по частоте канцерогенеза. Это обусловлено тем, что в области малых доз (до 0,1 Гр), помимо линейной, равновероятны любые формы зависимости от дозы, и нет возможности вычленить лучевой эффект вследствие вмешательства нелучевых факторов, а также конфаундеров и смещений. Эпидемиологические дизайны, использованные для подтверждения радиационного гормезиса по частоте злокачественных новообразований, имеют значительные недостатки и ограничения для малых величин эффектов, и это, согласно принципам эпидемиологии, не позволяет сделать выводы о существования гормезиса.&#13;
Сказанное является в том числе позицией НКДАР ООН, МКРЗ, BEIR и NCRP, которая в соответствующих документах, однако, изложена недостаточно. Эта позиция для многих исследователей-экспериментаторов и клиницистов (любого ранга), не знакомых с азами классической эпидемиологии и описательных дисциплин, так и остается непонятной и непонятой.&#13;
Сделан вывод, что хотя гормезис при малых дозах радиации, возможно, и существует, доказать и, тем более, использовать его в эпидемиологии и медицине для профилактики заболеваемости здорового населения вряд ли будет возможно. В то же время, следует активнее развивать клиническое использование облучения в малых дозах, но только как терапевтическую иммуностимуляцию при тяжелых патологиях.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The review considers the reasons that do not allow the use of radiation hormesis for public health and for the prevention of diseases in the population. It is noted that evidence of the hormesis effects of low doses radiation with low LET was obtained only in laboratory experiments on cells and animals, using a hypothetical-deductive method and adequate controls. Some confirmation was found in balneology (radon therapy) and in the clinic (immunostimulation in cancer patients). At the same time, in epidemiological, observational studies, which mainly involve the induction method, there are no unambiguous data on hormesis effects on the frequency of carcinogenesis. This is due to the fact that in the region of low doses (up to 0.1 Gy), in addition to linear, any forms of dose dependence are equally probable, and it is impossible to isolate the radiation effect due to the iinfluence of non-radiation factors, as well as confounders and biases. The epidemiological designs used to confirm radiation hormesis in terms of the frequency of malignant neoplasms have such significant drawbacks and limitations for small magnitudes of effects that, according to epidemiology, there is no possibility for conclusions about hormesis.&#13;
The stated is, among other things, the position of UNSCEAR, ICRP, BEIR and NCRP, which in the relevant documents, however, is presented insufficiently. For many experimental researchers and clinicians (of any rank), who are not familiar with the basics of classical epidemiology and descriptive disciplines, this position remains incomprehensible and incomprehensible.&#13;
It is concluded that although hormesis may exist at low doses of radiation, it will hardly be possible to prove and, moreover, to use it in epidemiology and medicine for the prevention of a healthy population. At the same time, it is necessary to actively develop the clinical use of radiation in low doses, but only as a therapeutic immunostimulation in severe pathologies.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>радиационный гормезис</kwd>
    <kwd>малые дозы облучения</kwd>
    <kwd>радиобиология</kwd>
    <kwd>эпидемиология</kwd>
    <kwd>здравоохранение</kwd>
    <kwd>защита от канцерогенеза</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>radiation hormesis</kwd>
    <kwd>low doses radiation</kwd>
    <kwd>radiation biology</kwd>
    <kwd>epidemiology</kwd>
    <kwd>health care</kwd>
    <kwd>protection against carcinogenesis</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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