<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46201</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-81202208</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Method of studying infrasound waves from thunderstorms</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>О методике исследования инфразвуковых волн от гроз</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5446-9697</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сорокин</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Григорьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sorokin</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Grigoryevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sor@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Добрынин</surname>
       <given-names>Василий Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dobrynin</surname>
       <given-names>Vasiliy Andreevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dobrynin@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-25T18:50:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-25T18:50:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>62</fpage>
   <lpage>69</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-11T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>11</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/46201/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/46201/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Приводится краткий обзор исследований инфразвуковых сигналов от гроз на протяжении более 30-летнего периода. Рассматривается несколько типов инфразвуковых сигналов от гроз, отмеченных на инфразвуковой станции ИСЗФ СО РАН в Бадарах (Бурятия). Особое внимание уделяется сигналам, начинающимся с фазы разрежения. Механизм генерации сигналов такого типа за счет преобразования энергии электростатического поля в колебания поля давления был предложен Вилсоном в 1920 г. и развит Десслером в 1973 г. В работе предлагается методика распознавания различных типов грозовых инфразвуковых сигналов: 1 — сигналы от расширяющегося теплового молниевого канала; 2 — сигналы с электростатическим механизмом генерации. На примере инфразвуковых сигналов, записанных ранее на станции в Бурятии, обсуждается применимость модели грозового облака и приводится оценка некоторых параметров грозового источника инфразвука.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper provides an overview of studies of infrasound signals from thunderstorms over a period of more than 30 years. We deal with several types of infrasound signals from thunderstorms detected at the ISTP SB RAS infrasound station Badary in Buryatia. Special attention is paid to signals arising during the rarefaction phase. A mechanism for generating signals of this type by converting the energy of the electrostatic field into fluctuations in the pressure field was proposed by Dessler in 1973. We propose a method for identifying thunderstorm infrasound signals of various types: 1 — signals from an expanding thermal lightning channel; 2 — signals with an electrostatic generation mechanism. Using infrasound signals recorded earlier at the station in Buryatia as an example, we discuss the validity of the thunderstorm cloud model and assess some parameters of the thunderstorm source of infrasound.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>атмосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>гроза</kwd>
    <kwd>инфразвук</kwd>
    <kwd>молниевый канал</kwd>
    <kwd>опасное природное явление</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>atmosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>thunderstorm</kwd>
    <kwd>infrasound</kwd>
    <kwd>lightning channel</kwd>
    <kwd>dangerous natural phenomena</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке проекта № 0278-2021-0004 «Геофизический мониторинг и комплексные наблюдения атмосферы Земли и околоземного космического пространства для исследований в солнечно-земной физике»</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by Project No. 0278-2021-0004 &quot;Geophysical Monitoring and Complex Observations of Earth's Atmosphere and Near-Earth Space for Research in Solar-Terrestrial Physics&quot;</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адушкин В.В., Рыбнов Ю. С., Спивак А.А. Инфразвук в атмосфере. М.: Торус Пресс, 2020. 319 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adushkin V.V., Rybnov Yu.S., Spivak A.A. Infrasound in the Atmosphere. M.: Torus Press, 2020, 319 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арабаджи В.И. О некоторых характеристиках грома. Доклады АН СССР, 1952. Т. 82, № 3. С. 377-378.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arabagy V.I. On some characteristics of thunderstorm. Doklady AN SSSR [Reports of AS USSR]. 1952, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 377-378. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арабаджи И.И. Спектр грома. Природа, 1965. № 7. С. 74-75.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arabagy V.I. The spectrum of thunder. The nature, 1965, no. 7, pp. 74-75. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская К.В., Колесник А.Г., Соловьев А.В. Инфразвуковые сигналы от молниевых разрядов. Известия высших учебных заведений. Физика. 2012. Т. 55, № 7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assink J.D., Evers L.G., Holleman I., Paulssen H. Characteristics of infrasound from lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, vol. 35, L15802. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL034193.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерущенков А.И., Филиппов А. Х., Макухин В.Л. Инфразвуковые волны от молниевого разряда. Исследования по геомагнетизму, аэрономии и физике Солнца. 1976. Вып. 38. С. 73-78.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balachandran N.K. Infrasonic signals from thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1979, vol. 84, no. C4, pp. 1735-1745.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппов А.Х. Грозы Восточной Сибири. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1974. 75 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanc E. Observations in the upper atmosphere of infrasonic waves from natural or artificial sources: A summary. Ann. Geophys. 1985, vol. 3, pp. 673-688.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assink J.D., Evers L.G., Holleman I., Paulssen H. Characteristics of infrasound from lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008. Vol. 35, L15802. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL034193.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohannon J.L., Few A.A., Dessler A.J. Detection of infrasonic pulses from thunderclouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1977, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 49-51.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balachandran N.K. Infrasonic signals from thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1979. Vol. 84, no. C4. P. 1735-1745.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowman H.S., Bedard A.J. Observations of infrasound and subsonic disturbances related to severe weather. Geophys. J. 1971, vol. 26, iss. 1-4, pp. 215-242.  DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03396.x.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanc E. Observations in the upper atmosphere of infrasonic waves from natural or artificial sources: A summary. Ann. Geophys. 1985. Vol. 3. P. 673-688.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dessler A.J. Infrasonic thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1973, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 1889-1896.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohannon J.L., Few A.A., Dessler A.J. Detection of infrasonic pulses from thunderclouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1977. Vol. 4, no. 1. P. 49-51.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drob D.P., Picone J.M., Garces M. Global morphology of infrasound propagation. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, vol. 108, no. D21, p. 4680. DOI: 10.1029/2002JD003307.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowman H.S., Bedard A.J. Observations of  infrasound and subsonic disturbances related  to severe weather. Geophys. J. 1971. Vol. 26, iss. 1-4, P. 215-242.  DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03396.x.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erushchenkov A.I., Filippov A. Kh., Makukhin V.L. Infrasound waves from lightning discharge. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Res. on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics] 1976, iss. 38, pp. 73-78. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dessler A.J. Infrasonic thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1973. Vol. 78, no. 12. P. 1889-1896.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farges T., Blanc E., le Pichon A., Neubert T., Allin T.H. Identification of infrasound produced by sprites during the Sprite2003 campaign. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, vol. 32, L01813. DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021212.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drob D.P., Picone J.M., Garces M. Global morphology of infrasound propagation. J. Geophys. Res. 2003. Vol. 108, no. D21. P. 4680. DOI: 10.1029/2002JD003307.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farges T., Blanc E. Characteristics of infrasound from lightning and sprites near thunderstorm areas. J. Geophys. Res. 2010. Vol. 115, A00E31. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA014700.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farges T., Blanc E., le Pichon A., et al. Identification of infrasound produced by sprites during the Sprite2003 campaign. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005. Vol. 32, L01813. DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021212.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Few A.A. Acoustic radiations from lightning. Handbook of Atmospherics. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla., 1982, vol. 2, pp. 257-289.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farges T., Blanc E. Characteristics of infrasound from lightning and sprites near thunderstorm areas. J. Geophys. Res. 2010. Vol. 115, A00E31. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA014700.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Few A.A. The production of lightning-associated infrasonic acoustic sources in thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res. 1985, vol. 90, no. D4, 6175-6180. DOI: 10.1029/JD090ID04P06175.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Few A.A. Acoustic radiations from lightning. Handbook of Atmospherics. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. 1982. Vol. 2. P. 257-289.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Few A.A. Acoustic radiations from lightning. Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 1995, vol. 2, pp. 1-31.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Few A.A. The production of lightning-associated infrasonic acoustic sources in thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res. 1985. Vol. 90, no. D4. P. 6175-6180. DOI: 10.1029/JD090ID04P06175.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippov A.C. Thunderstorms of Eastern Siberia. Hidrometeoisdat, 1974. 75 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Few A.A. Acoustic radiations from lightning. Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 1995. Vol. 2. P. 1-31.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmes C.R., Brook M., Krehbiel P., McCrory R. On the power spectrum and mechanism of thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1971, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 2106-2115.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmes C.R., Brook M., Krehbiel P., McCrory R. On the power spectrum and mechanism of thunder. J. Geophys. Res. 1971. Vol. 76, no. 9. P. 2106-2115.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liszka L. On the possible infrasound generation by sprites. J. Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control. 2004, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 85-93.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liszka L. On the possible infrasound generation by sprites. J. Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control. 2004. Vol. 23, no. 2. P. 85-93.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liszka L., Hobara Y. Sprite-attributed infrasonic chirps - Their detection, occurrence and properties between 1994 and 2004. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2006, vol. 68, pp. 1179-1188.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liszka L., Hobara Y. Sprite-attributed infrasonic chirps - Their detection, occurrence and properties between 1994 and 2004. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2006. Vol. 68. P. 1179-1188.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasko V.P. Theoretical modeling of sprites and jets. Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. NATO Science Ser. II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. 2006, vol. 225.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasko V.P. Theoretical modeling of sprites and jets. Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges. NATO Science Ser. II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 2006. Vol. 225.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasko V.P. Mechanism of infrasonic pulses from thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, vol. 114, D08205. DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011145.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasko V.P. Mechanism of infrasonic pulses from thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res. 2009. Vol. 114, D08205. DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011145.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakov V.A., Uman M.A. Lightning, Physics and Effects. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2003. 687 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakov V.A., Uman M.A. Lightning, Physics and Effects. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2003. 687 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt W. Uber den Donner - Meteorol. Z, 1914, Bd. 31, H. 10, 487-489.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt W. Uber den Donner - Meteorol. Z, 1914, Bd. 31, H. 10. 487-489.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uman M.A. The Lightning Discharge. Academic, London, 1987, 377 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uman M.A. The Lightning Discharge. Academic, London, 1987, 377 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voznesenskaya K.V., Kolesnik A.G., Soloviev A.V. Infrasound signals from lightning discharges. Izvestiay High Scool, Physics. 2012, vol. 55, no. 7. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson C.T.R. Investigations on Lightning Discharges and on the Electric Field of Thunderstorms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. 1921. Vol. 221. DOI: 10.1098/RSTA.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson C.T.R. Investigations on Lightning Discharges and on the Electric Field of Thunderstorms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. 1921, vol. 221. DOI: 10.1098/RSTA.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://symp.iao.ru/files/symp/aoo/25/ru/abstr_10561.pdf (дата обращения 24 февраля 2022 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://symp.iao.ru/files/symp/aoo/25/ru/abstr_10561.pdf (accessed February 24, 2022).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
