Russian Federation
Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
This review presents the modern medical views on the nature of alcoholism and its effect on the development and spread of various diseases. The article characterizes alcoholism pathogenesis on the molecular level, presents the evidence on the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, immune system, cell death, modulation of mitochondrial permeability and modulation of gene expression due to the alcoholic effect. Alcohol is caracte-rized as a root cause of development and progression of infectious diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia), cancer, diabetes, nervous system diseases (alcoholic polyneuropathy, Wernicke´s encephalopathy), cardiovascular dis-eases (essential hypertension, ischemic heart disease), hepatic and pancreatic diseases. The review also focuses on the role of the alcohol in the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, chlamydial infection, ureaplasma infection, gonorrhea, HIV, herpes simplex, trichomoniasis. The influence of several factors was detected. The first factor relates to the changes occurring in organism as a result of excessive alcohol con-sumption - in particular, to the weakening of the immune system and / or a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment. Another factor dismissed due to antisocial behaviour, often associated with individuals suffering from alcohol dependence
alcoholism, sexually transmitted infections, infectious diseases.
1. Boggan B. Alcohol, Chemistry and You Metabolism of Ethyl Alcohol in the Body. General Chemi-stry Case Studies. 2009. №4. P.30-41.
2. Deogan C., Cnattingius S., Mansdotter A. Risk of self-reported Chlamydia trachomatisinfection by so-cial and lifestyle factors: a study based on survey data from young adults in Stockholm, Sweden. Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012. Vol.17. № 6. P.458-465.
3. Edenberg H. J. Role of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Variants. Alcohol Me-tabolism Part II: A Key to Unlocking Alcohol’s Effects. 2007. Vol. 30. №1. P.34-37.
4. Gatski M., Martin D.H., Theall K. Mycoplasma genitalium infection among HIV-positive women: pre-valence, risk factors and association with vaginal shedding. STD AIDS. 2011. Vol. 22(3). P.155-157.
5. Goral J., Karavitis J., Kovacs E.J. Exposure-dependent effects of ethanol on the innate immune system. Alcohol. 2008. Vol.42. № 2. P. 237-247.
6. Hurley T.D., Edenberg H.J. Genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism. Alcohol Res. 2012. Vol. 34. № 3. P.339-344.
7. Irving H.M., Samokhvalov A.V., Rehm J. Alcohol as a risk factor for pancreatitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Pancreas. 2009. Vol.10. №4. P.387-392.
8. Lanzafame M., Ferrari S., Lattuada E. Mirtazapine in an HIV-1 infected patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Infez Med. 2009. Vol.17. №1. P.35-37.
9. Lönnroth K., Jaramillo E., Williams B.G. Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: The role of risk factors and social determinants. Social Science & Medicine. 2009. Vol.68. №12. P.2240-2246.
10. Marty V.N., Spigelman I. Long-lasting alterations in membrane properties, k(+) currents, and gluta-matergic synaptic currents of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons in a rat model of alcohol dependence. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2012. Vol. 6. P.86.
11. Rota M., Bellocco R., Scotti L. Random-effects meta-reg ression models for studying nonlinear dose-response relationship, with an application to alcohol and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Stat Med. 2010. Vol. 29. № 26. P.2679-2687.
12. Salerno J., Darling-Fisher C., Hawkins N.M. Identifying Relationships Between High-Risk Sexual Behaviors and Screening Positive for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in School-Wide Screening Events. Journal of School Health. 2013. Vol.83. №2. P.99-104.
13. Szabò I., Zoratti M., Gulbins E. Contribution of voltage-gated potassium channels to the regulation of apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 2010. Vol. 584. № 10. P.2049-2059.
14. Thode A.B. The Role of Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Groups in Specific Alcohol Binding Sites in Proteins: Insights from Structural Studies of LUSH. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2008. Vol.5. № 7. P.1360-1376.
15. Veazey R.S., Acierno P.M., McEvers K.J. Increased loss of CCR5+ CD45RA- CD4+ T cells in CD8+ lymphocyte-depleted Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. Virol. 2008. Vol. 82. №11. P.618-620.
16. Wolen A.R. Genetic Dissection of Acute Ethanol Responsive Gene Networks in Prefrontal Cortex: Functional and Mechanistic Implications. PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol.7. №4. P.3-4.
17. Zeng J., Yang G.Y., Ying W. Pyruvate improves recovery after PARP-1-associated energy failure in-duced by oxidative stress in neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices. Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007. Vol.27. №2. P.304-315.
18. Zhang P.1., Bagby G.J., Happel K.I. Alcohol abuse, immunosuppression and pulmonary infection. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2008. Vol.1. №1. P.56-67.
19. Zhao H., Li T.T., Yin J.Y. Role of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes gene polymorphisms and environ-mental exposure on colorectal cancer: a case-only study. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2013. Vol.34. № 10. P.1013-1017.
20. Morozov V.N., Gal´tsev A.S., Darmogray I.V., Morozova V.I., Khadartsev A.A., Darmogray V.N., Karaseva Yu.V. Diagnostika i lechenie khronicheskoy alkogol´noy bolezni. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika. 2004. № 9. S.80.
21. Morozov V.N., Khadartsev A.A., Karaseva Yu.V., Darmogray V.N., Morozova V.I., Gal´tsev A.S., Khapkina A.V. Techenie otmorozheniya na fone alkogol´noy intoksikatsii. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2009. № 3. S.211-213.
