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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">64263</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-93202308</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Hysteresis effect between geomagnetic activity indices (Ap, Dst) and interplanetary medium parameters in solar activity cycles 21–24</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Эффект гистерезиса между индексами геомагнитной активности (Ap, Dst) и параметрами межпланетной среды в 21-24 циклах солнечной активности</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куражковская</surname>
       <given-names>Надежда Андреевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurazhkovskaya</surname>
       <given-names>Nadezhda Andreevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>knady@borok.yar.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куражковский</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurazhkovskii</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Yur'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ksasha@borok.yar.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизическая обсерватория «Борок» ИФЗ РАН</institution>
     <city>Борок</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Borok Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS</institution>
     <city>Borok</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизическая обсерватория “Борок” – филиал Института физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН (ГО “Борок” ИФЗ РАН)</institution>
     <city>Борок</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Borok Geophysical Observatory, the Branch of Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Borok</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>73</fpage>
   <lpage>82</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/64263/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/64263/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Исследована связь индексов геомагнитной активности Ap и Dst на интервалах времени, равных солнечным циклам (∼11 лет), с индикаторами солнечной активности и параметрами гелиосферы. Показано, что кривые зависимости Ap и Dst от индикаторов солнечной активности, а также от параметров гелиосферы, т. е. параметров солнечного ветра и межпланетного магнитного поля, на восходящей и нисходящей ветвях 21‒24-го циклов солнечной активности не совпадают, что является признаком гистерезиса. Индексы Ap и Dst формируют петли гистерезиса со всеми анализируемыми параметрами в 21‒24-м циклах. Форма и площадь петель гистерезиса, а также направление вращения в них по часовой стрелке или против часовой стрелки существенно зависят от индикаторов солнечной активности, гелиосферных параметров и изменяются от цикла к циклу. Обнаружена тенденция уменьшения протяженности и площади петель гистерезиса от 21-го к 24-му циклу. Анализ изменчивости формы и размера петель гистерезиса, образуемых индексами Ap и Dst с индикаторами солнечной активности и параметрами гелиосферы, дает основания полагать, что петли отражают долговременную эволюцию потока энергии солнечного ветра, определяющего глобальную геомагнитную активность и интенсивность магнитосферного кольцевого тока на восходящей и нисходящей ветвях 21‒24-го циклов солнечной активности.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We have studied the relationship of geomagnetic activity indices (Ap, Dst) on time intervals, equal to solar cycles (∼11 years), with solar activity indicators and heliospheric parameters. It is shown that the plots of the Ap and Dst indices versus solar activity indicators, as well as versus heliospheric parameters, i.e. solar wind and IMF parameters in the ascending and descending phases of solar activity cycles 21–24 do not coincide, which is indicative of the hysteresis phenomenon. The Ap and Dst indices form hysteresis loops with all parameters we analyze during cycles 21–24. The shape and area of the hysteresis loops, as well as the direction of rotation, clockwise or counterclockwise, depend significantly on indicators of solar activity, heliospheric parameters and change from cycle to cycle. We have found a tendency for the extension and area of the hysteresis loops to decrease from cycle 21 to cycle 24. Analysis of the variability in the shape and size of the hysteresis loops formed by the Ap and Dst indices with solar indicators and heliospheric parameters gives reason to believe that the obtained loops reflect the long-term evolution of the solar wind energy flux, which determines global geomagnetic activity and the magnetospheric ring current intensity in the ascending and descending phases of solar activity cycles 21‒24.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>геомагнитная активность</kwd>
    <kwd>солнечный ветер</kwd>
    <kwd>циклы солнечной активности</kwd>
    <kwd>параметры гелиосферы</kwd>
    <kwd>гистерезис</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>geomagnetic activity</kwd>
    <kwd>solar wind</kwd>
    <kwd>solar activity cycles</kwd>
    <kwd>heliospheric parameters</kwd>
    <kwd>hysteresis</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Геофизической обсерватории «Борок» ИФЗ РАН № FMWU-2022-0027</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under Government assignment of Borok Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS No. FMWU-2022-0027</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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