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  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">64581</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-93202312</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ВОСЕМНАДЦАТАЯ ЕЖЕГОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ФИЗИКА ПЛАЗМЫ В СОЛНЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ», 6–10 ФЕВРАЛЯ 2023 г., ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ РАН, МОСКВА, РОССИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>18TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE “PLASMA PHYSICS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM”. FEBRUARY 6–10, 2023, SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ВОСЕМНАДЦАТАЯ ЕЖЕГОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ФИЗИКА ПЛАЗМЫ В СОЛНЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ», 6–10 ФЕВРАЛЯ 2023 г., ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ РАН, МОСКВА, РОССИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Statistical analysis of microflares as observed by the 4–8 GHz spectropolarimeter</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Статистический анализ микровспышек по данным Cпектрополяриметра 4-8 ГГц</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жданов</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhdanov</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitriy Andreevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zhdanov@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-556X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Алтынцев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Тимофеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Altyntsev</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Timofeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-6394</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мешалкина</surname>
       <given-names>Наталия Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Meshalkina</surname>
       <given-names>Nataliya Sergeevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nata@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Анфиногентов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Anfinogentov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>anfinogentov@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29T17:23:49+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29T17:23:49+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>111</fpage>
   <lpage>121</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/64581/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/64581/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Радионаблюдения слабых событий являются одним из перспективных методов исследования энерговыделения и нетепловых процессов в солнечной короне. Развитие инструментальной базы позволяет вести радионаблюдения слабых транзиентных корональных явлений, таких как квазистационарные уярчания и слабые вспышки рентгеновского класса B и ниже, не доступные ранее для анализа. Используя наблюдения на спектрополяриметре Badary Broadband Microwave Spectropolarimeter (BBMS) мы измерили параметры спектров микроволнового излучения для трех десятков слабых солнечных вспышек рентгеновских классов от А до С1.5. Спектры свидетельствуют, что нагрев плазмы вызывается появлением потоков нетепловых электронов, которые можно обнаружить по формируемым ими всплескам микроволнового излучения, преимущественно с амплитудой ~5–6 с.е.п. (одна солнечная единица потока (с.е.п.) радиоизлучения равна 10–22 Вт/(м•Гц)) на частотах 4–5 ГГц. Диапазон индексов роста низкочастотной части спектра fα меняется в широких пределах α=0.3÷15. Распределение индексов спада высокочастотной части подобно распределениям обычных вспышек. Одно из объяснений появления больших значений fα —эффект Разина, который может влиять на форму гиросинхротронного спектра, при генерации всплесков в плотной плазме при относительно слабых магнитных полях. Обнаружены два события, в которых появление нетепловых электронов приводит к генерации узкополосных всплесков на частотах около двойной плазменной частоты. Тестовые испытания Сибирского радиогелиографа (СРГ) показали возможности измерений структуры вспышечных источников с потоками ~1 с.е.п., что свидетельствует о высоком диагностическом потенциале создаваемого радиогелиографа для обнаружения процессов ускорения в слабых вспышечных событиях и их локализации в активных областях.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Radio observations of weak events are one of the promising methods for studying energy release and non-thermal processes in the solar corona. The development of instrumental capabilities allows for radio observations of weak transient coronal events, such as quasi-stationary brightenings and weak flares of X-ray class B and below, which were previously inaccessible for analysis. We have measured the spectral parameters of microwave radiation for thirty weak solar flares with X-ray classes ranging from A to C1.5, using observations from the Badary Broadband Microwave Spectropolarimeter (BBMS). The spectra indicate that plasma heating is caused by the appearance of non-thermal electron fluxes, which can be detected by bursts of microwave radiation, predominantly with an amplitude ~5–6 solar flux units (SFU) at 4–5 GHz frequencies. One solar flux unit (SFU) of radio emission is equal to 10–22 W/(m•Hz). The range of low-frequency spectrum growth indices fα varies widely from α=0.3 to 15. The distribution of high-frequency decay indices is similar to the distributions of regular flares. One of the explanations for the appearance of large fα values is the Razin effect, which can influence the shape of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum during the generation of bursts in dense plasma under relatively weak magnetic fields. We have detected two events in which the appearance of non-thermal electrons led to the generation of narrowband bursts at frequencies near the double plasma frequency. SRH test trials have shown the potential for measuring the structure of flare sources with fluxes of the order of 1 SFU, indicating the high diagnostic potential of the radioheliograph for detecting acceleration processes in weak flare events and their localization in active regions.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>солнечное микроволновое излучение</kwd>
    <kwd>радиовсплески</kwd>
    <kwd>микровспышки</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>solar microwave emission</kwd>
    <kwd>radio bursts</kwd>
    <kwd>microflares</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-22-00019, [https://rscf.ru/project/22-22-00019/]</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-22-00019), [https://rscf.ru/project/22-22-00019/]</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
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