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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0535</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6a9c155b32807fdbab869b36</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/stp-103202410</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE “PLASMA PHYSICS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM”. FEBRUARY 5–9, 2024, SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE “PLASMA PHYSICS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM”. FEBRUARY 5–9, 2024, SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE “PLASMA PHYSICS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM”. FEBRUARY 5–9, 2024, SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Importance of the electron plasma parameter for excitation of chorus and formation  of magnetic field irregularity in the region of their excitation</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Importance of the electron plasma parameter for excitation of chorus and formation  of magnetic field irregularity in the region of their excitation</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Беспалов</surname>
       <given-names>Петр Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bespalov</surname>
       <given-names>Peter Alekseevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pbespalov@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Савина</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Savina</surname>
       <given-names>Olga Nikolaevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>onsavina@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жаравина</surname>
       <given-names>Полина Дмитриевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zharavina</surname>
       <given-names>Polina Dmitrievna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pollyllyzh@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной физики им. А.В. Гапонова-Грехова РАН</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics RAS</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Econom-ics”</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной физики им. А.В. Гапонова-Грехова РАН</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics RAS</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-29T09:16:08+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-29T09:16:08+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>83</fpage>
   <lpage>90</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-28T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>28</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2024 Беспалов П.А., Савина О.Н., Жаравина П.Д.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2024 Bespalov P.A., Savina O.N., Zharavina P.D.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беспалов Петр Алексеевич, Савина Ольга Николаевна, Жаравина Полина Дмитриевна</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bespalov Peter Alekseevich, Savina Olga Nikolaevna, Zharavina Polina Dmitrievna</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c155b32807fdbab869b36/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c155b32807fdbab869b36/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>A threshold condition has been established for excitation of VLF electromagnetic radiation with a chorus structure of the dynamic spectrum in the daytime magnetosphere using the BPA (Beam Pulse Amplifier) mechanism for amplifying short noise electromagnetic pulses. The kappa distribution was used as a model function of the electron velocity distribution in the magnetosphere. Calculations performed for this distribution have shown that the threshold for excitation of chorus largely depends on the electron plasma parameter equal to the ratio of gas-kinetic pressure of electrons to magnetic pressure. This pattern is not contradicted by the dependence of the probability of excitation of chorus on the degree of magnetic field irregularity, which we derived from observations made by the Van Allen Probe spacecraft. It is sharp fluctuations in the magnetic field strength near its local minima outside the plasmasphere where the radiation under study can be excited. If there is an irregularity, the probability of detecting chorus is &gt;70 %; and if there is no or very low irregularity, the probability of the absence of any emissions is ~80 %. The results indicate a common reason for the excitation of chorus and the magnetic field irregularity — a small but finite value of the plasma parameter.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>A threshold condition has been established for excitation of VLF electromagnetic radiation with a chorus structure of the dynamic spectrum in the daytime magnetosphere using the BPA (Beam Pulse Amplifier) mechanism for amplifying short noise electromagnetic pulses. The kappa distribution was used as a model function of the electron velocity distribution in the magnetosphere. Calculations performed for this distribution have shown that the threshold for excitation of chorus largely depends on the electron plasma parameter equal to the ratio of gas-kinetic pressure of electrons to magnetic pressure. This pattern is not contradicted by the dependence of the probability of excitation of chorus on the degree of magnetic field irregularity, which we derived from observations made by the Van Allen Probe spacecraft. It is sharp fluctuations in the magnetic field strength near its local minima outside the plasmasphere where the radiation under study can be excited. If there is an irregularity, the probability of detecting chorus is &gt;70 %; and if there is no or very low irregularity, the probability of the absence of any emissions is ~80 %. The results indicate a common reason for the excitation of chorus and the magnetic field irregularity — a small but finite value of the plasma parameter.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>VLF emissions</kwd>
    <kwd>chorus</kwd>
    <kwd>wave-particle interaction</kwd>
    <kwd>data analysis</kwd>
    <kwd>middle magnetosphere</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>VLF emissions</kwd>
    <kwd>chorus</kwd>
    <kwd>wave-particle interaction</kwd>
    <kwd>data analysis</kwd>
    <kwd>middle magnetosphere</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The work of P.A. Bespalov and P.D. Zharavina on Sections 1–2.3, 4 was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-12-00268); the work of O.N. Savina and P.D. Zharavina on Sections 2.1, 2.3–2.5 was financially supported by the Foundation for the Development of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics &quot;Basis&quot; (Project No. 23-1-1-67-1). The work of P.A. Bespalov on Section 2.2 was performed according to the plan of IPF RAS Government Assignment FFUF-2023-0002</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work of P.A. Bespalov and P.D. Zharavina on Sections 1–2.3, 4 was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-12-00268); the work of O.N. Savina and P.D. Zharavina on Sections 2.1, 2.3–2.5 was financially supported by the Foundation for the Development of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics &quot;Basis&quot; (Project No. 23-1-1-67-1). The work of P.A. Bespalov on Section 2.2 was performed according to the plan of IPF RAS Government Assignment FFUF-2023-0002</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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