Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 70115 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-3-2461 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Isotope Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Identifying Organic Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Изотопная масс-спектроскопия как инструмент идентификации томатов (Solanum lycopersicum L.) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-4292 Оганесянц Лев Арсенович Oganesyants Lev A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-7951 Панасюк Александр Львович Panasyuk Alexander L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-440X Кузьмина Елена Ивановна Kuzmina Elena I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-0455 Свиридов Дмитрий Александрович Sviridov Dmitriy A. labvin@yandex.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-1181 Ганин Михаил Юрьевич Ganin Mikhail Yu. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-0703 Шилкин Алексей Александрович Schilkin Alexei A. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Research Institute of Brewing, Non-Alcoholic and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности Москва Россия All-Russian Research Institute of Brewing, Non-Alcoholic and Wine Industry Moscow Russian Federation 29 09 2023 29 09 2023 53 3 612 620 23 03 2023 04 07 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/22018/

Томаты (Solanum lycopersicum L.) относятся к наиболее популярным овощным культурам. Увеличивающимся спросом, в том числе у российского потребителя, пользуются томаты, отмеченные знаком «органик». Однако сельскохозяйственная отрасль испытывает недостаток инструментальных методов анализа, способных подтвердить «органический» способ производства продукции. Перспективным методом, способным выявить фальсификат среди органической продукции, является метод изотопной масс-спектрометрии. Цель исследования заключалась в оценке возможности использования значений изотопных характеристик общего азота и общего углерода томатов для установления идентификационных критериев для продукции, выращенной в открытом грунте или в теплицах в атмосфере, которая обогащена диоксидом углерода. Объектами исследования являлись 16 образцов томатов, 14 из которых были приобретены в российских торговых сетях. 2 образца были выращены в открытом грунте без использования химических удобрений. Состав стабильных изотопов углерода и азота в образцах определяли с использованием изотопного масс-спектрометра IRMS Delta V Advantage с дополнительными вспомогательными модулями. Выявили, что томаты, выращенные в теплицах с атмосферой, которая обогащена диоксидом углерода, имеют диапазон значений показателя δ13C от –44 до –32 ‰, а в обычной теплице от –30 до –24 ‰. Установлено, что 6 из 16 исследованных образцов томатов относятся к продукции, выращенной в условиях искусственного обогащения атмосферы диоксидом углерода. 3 образца имеют пограничные значения показателей δ13C и δ15N, идентификация которых затруднена как по использованию обогащения искусственным диоксидом углерода, так и по типу вносимых удобрений. Метод изотопной масс-спектрометрии является мощным инструментом при выявлении фальсифицированной органической продукции. Изотопные характеристики общего углерода в томатах, выращенных в атмосфере с искусственным обогащением углекислым газом, имеют более низкие значения в сравнении с натуральной органической продукцией. Полученные значения позволяют сделать вывод об органической или химической природе удобрений.

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are one of the most popular vegetables in the world. These days, Russian consumers prefer tomatoes labeled as organic. However, the agricultural industry often lacks instrumental methods to confirm the organic status of tomatoes. Isotope mass spectrometry is a promising method that can detect tomatoes that fail to meet organic standards. Isotopic values of total nitrogen and total carbon can be used to identify tomatoes as those grown on the field or as those cultivated in greenhouses enriched with carbon dioxide. The research featured 16 samples of tomatoes, 14 of which were purchased in Russian retail chains. Two samples were grown on the field without chemical fertilizers. The composition of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the samples was determined using an IRMS Delta V Advantage isotope mass spectrometer with additional auxiliary modules. In the greenhouse tomatoes, δ13C values ranged from –44 to –32‰. In the samples obtained from a conventional greenhouse, δ13C values ranged from –30 to –24‰. Six samples proved to have been grown in artificial carbon dioxide atmosphere. Three samples demonstrated borderline values of δ13C and δ15N; they were impossible to identify as organic or conventional, both in terms of artificial carbon dioxide and fertilizers. Isotope mass spectrometry proved to be efficient in detecting falsified organic products. Tomatoes grown with carbon dioxide enrichment had lower isotope values of total carbon than organic tomatoes. The obtained values also made it possible to tell between organic and chemical fertilizers.

 Томаты изотопная масс-спектрометрия изотопы углерода изотопы азота идентификация место происхождения фальсификация растениеводство Tomatoes isotope mass spectrometry isotopes of carbon oxygen hydrogen identification place of origin falsification plant cultivation

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