Moscow, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Empirical cognition is one of the main types of cognition in science, which plays a key role in the formation of scientific knowledge. This is the first stage of rational cognition in science, which consists in the mental processing of observation and experimental data obtained at the sensory level of scientific knowledge. Empirical knowledge has a complex vertical structure consisting of statements of different logical forms, modality and degree of generality. This structure is represented by such elements as protocol sentences, empirical facts, empirical laws, and phenomenological theories. Each of these elements is created by inductive generalization and synthesis of the elements preceding it. There are three main types of inductive communication of empirical knowledge: enumerative induction, eliminative induction and induction as reverse deduction, as well as a number of other methods of empirical cognition.
empirical cognition, empiric knowledge, empirical methods
1. Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. M.: Nauka, 1999. - 655 s.
2. Lebedev S. A. Kurs lekciy po metodologii nauchnogo poznaniya: uchebnoe posobie. M.:Izdatel'stvo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2016. -293s.
3. Lebedev S. A. Kratkiy slovar' po metodologii nauchnogo poznaniya. M.: Izdatel'stvo MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, 2017. - 99 s.
4. Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya i metodologiya nauki. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt. 2021.- 626 s.
5. Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya nauki: pozitivno-dialekticheskaya koncepciya. M.: Prospekt.2021. -448 s.
6. Lebedev S.A., Borzenkov V.G., Lazarev F.V., Leskov L.V. i dr. Filosofiya nauki.Obschiy kurs. M.: Akademicheskiy process. 2004.- 736 s.
7. Lebedev S.A., Rubochkin V.A. Istoriya i filosofiya nauki. M.: Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova. 2010. - 196 s.
8. Lebedev S.A. Sovremennaya filosofiya nauki. M.: Prospekt. 2023. -312 s.
9. Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya, Metodologiya. Nauka. Izbrannye stat'i. M.: Prospekt. 2023.720 s.
10. Lebedev S.A. Urovnevaya metodologiya nauki. M.: Prospekt. 2020.- 208 s.
11. Lebedev S.A. Nauchnaya deyatel'nost': osnovnye ponyatiya. M.: Prospekt. 2021.-136 s.
12. Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya nauki. Uchebnoe posobie. M.: Yurayt. 2011.-288 s.
