Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2712-9640 84674 10.12737/szf-104202401 Результаты исследований Results of current research Результаты исследований Long-term variations in peak electron density and temperature of mesopause region: Dependence on solar, geomagnetic, and atmospheric activities, long-term trends Долговременные вариации максимума электронной концентрации и температуры области мезопаузы: зависимости от солнечной, геомагнитной и атмосферной активности, долговременные тренды https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-4628 Жеребцов Гелий Александрович Zherebtsov Geliy Aleksandrovich solater@iszf.irk.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-3553 Ратовский Константин Геннадьевич Ratovsky Konstantin Gennadyevich ratovsky@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-8462 Медведева Ирина Викторовна Medvedeva Irina Viktorovna ivmed@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН Москва Россия Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS Moscow Russian Federation 18 12 2024 18 12 2024 10 4 5 16 27 06 2024 12 09 2024 https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/84674/view

Представлен обзор основных результатов исследования долговременных вариаций характеристик верхней нейтральной атмосферы и ионосферы, полученных в ходе выполнения Проекта РНФ № 22-17-00146 «Экспериментальное и теоретическое исследование взаимодействия нейтральной и ионизованной компонент атмосферы Земли». Проанализированы долговременные вариации максимума электронной концентрации NmF2 и температуры области мезопаузы Tm, их зависимости от солнечной, геомагнитной и атмосферной активности, а также долговременные тренды. Для анализа использованы данные многолетних измерений на комплексе инструментов ИСЗФ СО РАН. Данные NmF2 за 1955–1996 гг. получены на Иркутской аналоговой автоматической ионосферной станции, за 2003–2021 гг. — на Иркутском цифровом ионозонде DPS-4; данные Tm — по спектрометрическим наблюдениям эмиссии молекулы гидроксила (полоса ОН (6-2), 834.0 нм, высота максимума излучения ~87 км) в 2008–2020 гг. К анализу привлечены данные об индексах солнечной и геомагнитной активности F10.7 и Ар, а также данные о вариациях индекса Южной осцилляции (SOI). Использованы методы простой и множественной линейной регрессии. Обнаружено, что среднегодовые значения NmF2 преимущественно контролируются изменениями солнечного потока. Анализ регрессионных остатков показал, что наибольшие отклонения от регрессии (как для простой, так и для множественной регрессии) наблюдаются в годы вблизи максимумов солнечных циклов 19 (1956–1959 гг.) и 22 (1989–1991 гг.). Вариации среднегодовых значений изменчивости температуры области мезопаузы коррелируют с SOI: межсуточная изменчивость демонстрирует положительную корреляцию с SOI, внутрисуточная — отрицательную. Значимая связь между межгодовыми вариациями NmF2 и Tm не обнаружена.

The paper overviews the main results of the study of long-term variations in characteristics of the upper neutral atmosphere and ionosphere, obtained during the implementation of Russian Science Foundation Project No. 22-17-00146 “Experimental and theoretical study of the coupling neutral and ionized components of Earth’s atmosphere”. We study and compare long-term variations in the peak electron density and temperature of the mesopause region. Their dependences on solar, geomagnetic, and atmospheric activity, as well as long-term trends, are analyzed. The analysis is based on data from long-term measurements with the ISTP SB RAS complex of instruments. The peak electron density (NmF2) data was acquired with the Irkutsk analog automatic ionospheric station for 1955–1996 and the Irkutsk digital ionosonde DPS-4 for 2003–2021. The atmospheric temperatures at mesopause altitudes (Tm) were obtained from spectrometric observations of the hydroxyl molecule emission (OH (6-2) band, 834.0 nm, emission maximum height ~87 km) for 2008–2020. The analysis uses solar (F10.7) and geomagnetic (Ap) activity indices, as well as data on variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The study employs simple and multiple linear regression methods. Annual average NmF2 values are found to be predominantly controlled by changes in solar flux. Analysis of regression residuals shows that the largest deviations from regression (for both simple and multiple regression) are observed in years near the maxima of solar cycles 19 (1956–1959) and 22 (1989–1991). Annual average temperature variability in the mesopause region correlates with changes in the SOI index: day-to-day variability exhibits a positive correlation with SOI; and intra-diurnal variability, a negative correlation with SOI. No significant relationship was found between year-to-year variations in the NmF2 and Tm variability.

 долговременные вариации максимум электронной концентрации температура область мезопаузы солнечная активность геомагнитная активность долговременные тренды long-term variations peak electron density temperature mesopause region solar activity geomagnetic activity long-term trends Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-17-00146, [https://rscf.ru/project/22-17-00146/] The research was financially supported by RSF (Grant No. 22-17-00146) [https://rscf.ru/project/22-17-00146/]

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