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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Modeling of systems and processes</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Modeling of systems and processes</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Моделирование систем и процессов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2219-0767</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">96425</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/2219-0767-2025-17-28</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Технические науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject></subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Технические науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Study and modeling of heuristic optimization algorithms</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Изучение и моделирование эвристических алгоритмов оптимизации</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ачкасов</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Achkasov</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitriy Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dmitriyachkasov@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зольников</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zolnikov</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Литвинов</surname>
       <given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Litvinov</surname>
       <given-names>Nikolay Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-21T09:24:11+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-21T09:24:11+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>18</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>17</fpage>
   <lpage>28</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/96425/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/96425/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Статья посвящена исследованию и сравнению различных эвристических алгоритмов оптимизации, применяемых для решения задач, где отсутствуют строгие аналитические решения. Рассмотрены три алгоритма: генетические алгоритмы, алгоритм имитации отжига и алгоритм оптимизации роем светлячков. Каждый из этих методов основан на принципах случайного поиска и вдохновлён природными процессами и идеей ролевого интеллекта, где поведение отдельных особей в соответствии с простыми правилами позволяет найти квазиоптимальное решение. Генетические алгоритмы используют механизмы селекции, кроссинговера и мутации для поиска оптимальных решений. Алгоритм имитации отжига вдохновляется процессом охлаждения твёрдого кристаллического тела, позволяет системе переходить в менее выгодные состояния с определённой вероятностью. Алгоритм оптимизации роем светлячков основан на поведении светлячков, где агенты перемещаются в направлении более ярких особей, что означает лучшее значение целевой функции, либо перемещаются в случайном направлении. В статье проведён вычислительный эксперимент, который позволяет сравнить эффективность алгоритмов по двум критериям: близость к глобальному минимуму и количество вычислений целевой функции. Результаты показали, что алгоритм имитации отжига является наиболее простым и эффективным для оптимизации двумерных многомодальных функций, тогда как генетические алгоритмы и алгоритм светлячков требуют более сложной настройки параметров.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This paper investigates and compares various heuristic optimization algorithms used to solve problems where strict analytical solutions are lacking. Three algorithms are considered: genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and firefly swarm optimization. Each of these methods is based on random search principles and is inspired by natural processes and the idea of role intelligence, where the behavior of individual individuals in accordance with simple rules allows finding a quasi-optimal solution. Genetic algorithms use selection, crossing-over and mutation mechanisms to find optimal solutions. The simulated annealing algorithm is inspired by the process of cooling a solid crystalline body, allowing the system to transition to less favorable states with a certain probability. The firefly swarm optimization algorithm is based on the behavior of fireflies, where agents move towards brighter individuals, which means a better value of the objective function, or move in a random direction. The article contains a computational experiment that allows us to compare the efficiency of algorithms by two criteria: proximity to the global minimum and the number of objective function calculations. The results showed that the simulated annealing algorithm is the simplest and most effective for optimizing two-dimensional multimodal functions, while genetic algorithms and the firefly algorithm require more complex parameter settings.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>генетические алгоритмы</kwd>
    <kwd>роевой интеллект</kwd>
    <kwd>алгоритмы оптимизации</kwd>
    <kwd>эвристические алгоритмы</kwd>
    <kwd>имитация отжига</kwd>
    <kwd>рой светлячков</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>genetic algorithms</kwd>
    <kwd>swarm intelligence</kwd>
    <kwd>optimization algorithms</kwd>
    <kwd>heuristic algorithms</kwd>
    <kwd>simulated annealing</kwd>
    <kwd>firefly swarm.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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