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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Лесотехнический журнал</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2222-7962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">104694</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2025.3/12</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Технологии. Машины и оборудование</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>TECHNOLOGIES. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Технологии. Машины и оборудование</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Modeling the interaction of soil with a combined  tool - a knife roller and a pair of disc plows</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Моделирование взаимодействия почвы c комбинированным орудием – ножевой каток и пара дисковых плугов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бухтояров</surname>
       <given-names>Леонид Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bukhtoyarov</surname>
       <given-names>Leonid Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vglta-mlx@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лысыч</surname>
       <given-names>М Н</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lysych</surname>
       <given-names>M N</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dontsovie@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Малюков</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Malyukov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>malyukovsergey@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>15</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>186</fpage>
   <lpage>200</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/186-200_0.pdf">http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/186-200_0.pdf</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Обработка почвы при лесовосстановлении на вырубленных территориях сталкивается с проблемой низ-кой эффективности традиционных методов, обусловленной сложностью лесных грунтов, высокой стоимостью полевых экспериментов и ограниченной воспроизводимостью результатов. Это препятствует созданию опти-мальных технологий, обеспечивающих приживаемость лесных культур и улучшение структуры почвы. Иссле-дование направлено на решение этой проблемы через разработку вычислительной модели взаимодействия лесной почвы с комбинированным орудием, включающим ножевой каток и два дисковых плуга, с использова-нием метода дискретных элементов (DEM). Модель позволяет анализировать совместное воздействие рабочих органов на почву, что важно для повышения качества обработки и снижения энергозатрат. Материалы и мето-ды исследования включают моделирование почвы как набора сферических частиц с заданными физическими свойствами (масса, положение, скорость, сила). Взаимодействие частиц описывается моделью контакта с пру-жиной и демпфером, а геометрия орудий импортируется из OBJ-файлов, созданных в системах автоматизиро-ванного проектирования (САПР). Программная реализация выполнена на языке Delphi. Исследование проводи-лось в несколько этапов: определение параметров контакта, расчёт сил взаимодействия, оценка деформации почвы и оптимизация конструкции орудия на основе 20 компьютерных экспериментов с варьированием факто-ров (заглубление катка от -5 до 5 см, боковое смещение плугов от -5 до 5 см, угол атаки плугов 15-30). Резуль-таты показали, что оптимальные параметры орудия составляют: заглубление катка от -2 до -1 см, боковое смещение плугов 4–5 см, угол атаки плугов 22-24. При этих значениях коэффициент полноты рыхления пре-вышает 60%, коэффициент оборачиваемости пласта – 24%, коэффициент измельчения напочвенного покрова – 56%, а сила сопротивления движению не превышает 4800 Н. Теоретически это подтверждает применимость DEM для точного моделирования сложных почвенных систем. Практически параметры обеспечивают сниже-ние энергозатрат на 15-20% по сравнению с традиционными орудиями, улучшая условия для лесовосстанов-ления. Ключевое преимущество исследования для читателей заключается в предоставлении научно обосно-ванных параметров для проектирования комбинированных орудий, что способствует повышению эффективно-сти лесовосстановительных работ. Нерешённым остаётся вопрос адаптации модели к почвам с высоким со-держанием корней, что требует дальнейших исследований с учётом дополнительных факторов, таких как влажность и плотность органических остатков.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Tillage during reforestation of cut-down areas faces the problem of low efficiency of traditional methods caused by complexity of forest soils, high cost of field experiments and limited reproducibility of results. This hinders creation of optimal technologies ensuring survival of forest crops and improvement of soil structure. The study is aimed at solving this problem through development of a computational model of interaction of forest soil with a com-bined tool, including a knife roller and two disc ploughs, using the discrete element method (DEM). The model allows analyzing the combined effect of working bodies on the soil, which is important for improving the quality of cultivation and reducing energy costs. Materials and methods of the study include modeling of soil as a set of spherical particles with specified physical properties (mass, position, velocity, force). Interaction of particles is described by a contact model with a spring and damper, and the geometry of the tools is imported from OBJ files created in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. The software implementation is implemented in Delphi. The study was conducted in several stages: determining the contact parameters, calculating the interaction forces, assessing the soil deformation and opti-mizing the tool design based on 20 computer experiments with varying factors (roller depth from -5 to 5 cm, lateral shift of plows from -5 to 5 cm, plow attack angle from 15-30). The results showed that the optimal tool parameters are: roller depth from -2 to -1 cm, lateral shift of plows 4-5 cm, plow attack angle 22-24. With these values, the coeffi-cient of loosening completeness exceeds 60%, the coefficient of soil turnover is 24%, the coefficient of ground cover crushing is 56%, and the resistance force to movement does not exceed 4800 N. Theoretically, this confirms the ap-plicability of DEM for accurate modeling of complex soil systems. In practice, the parameters provide a decrease in energy costs by 15-20% compared to traditional tools, improving the conditions for reforestation. The key benefit of the study for readers is the provision of scientifically substantiated parameters for the design of combined tools, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of reforestation work. The issue of adapting the model to soils with a high root content remains unresolved, which requires further research taking into account additional factors such as moisture and density of organic residues.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>почвообрабатывающие орудия</kwd>
    <kwd>ножевые катки</kwd>
    <kwd>дисковые рабочие органы</kwd>
    <kwd>комбинированные машины</kwd>
    <kwd>выруб-ки</kwd>
    <kwd>тяговое сопротивление рабочих органов</kwd>
    <kwd>метод дискретных элементов (DEM)</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>tillage implements</kwd>
    <kwd>knife rollers</kwd>
    <kwd>disc working bodies</kwd>
    <kwd>combined machines</kwd>
    <kwd>felling machines</kwd>
    <kwd>traction resistance of working bodies</kwd>
    <kwd>discrete element method (DEM)</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-79-10010, https://rscf.ru/project/22-79-10010/</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">tillage implements, knife rollers, disc working bodies, combined machines, felling machines, traction resistance of working bodies, discrete element method (DEM)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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