Dairy industry Dairy industry Молочная промышленность 1019-8946 110245 10.21603/1019-8946-2025-6-66 Научная статья Research Article Научная статья Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Functions and Research Methods Экзополисахариды, продуцируемые молочнокислыми бактериями: функциональность и методы изучения Бояринева Ирина Валерьевна Boyarineva Irina V. boyarineva.iv@dvfu.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Журавлева Анна Евгеньевна Zhuravleva Anna E. Ковалева Елизавета Дмитриевна Kovaleva Elizaveta D. Дальневосточный федеральный университет Владивосток Россия Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok Russian Federation Дальневосточный федеральный университет Владивосток Россия Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok Russian Federation Дальневосточный федеральный университет Владивосток Россия Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok Russian Federation 12 12 2025 12 12 2025 6 34 43 20 05 2025 20 11 2025 https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/110245/view

Большинство молочнокислых бактерий обладает способностью к синтезу экзополисахаридов в процессе ферментации. Экзополисахариды могут повышать стабильность продукта, улучшать его текстуру и органолептические свойства, выступать как загустители и пребиотики. Кроме того, экзополисахариды обладают биологической активностью: антиоксидантным и противоопухолевым действием, иммуномодулирующей активностью, способностью улучшать рост микробиоты кишечника и снижать уровень холестерина. Это определяет перспективу широкого использования полисахаридов молочнокислых бактерий в пищевой промышленности для удовлетворения растущего спроса на лечебные, натуральные продукты питания. В последние годы повышается интерес к закваскам c улучшенными свойствами, позволяющими оказывать влияние на органолептические и реологические характеристики продукта. Одним из направлений улучшения качественных характеристик заквасок является использование культур, продуцирующих экзополисахариды. Согласно исследовательским данным, большое влияние на биосинтез экзополисахаридов и их количество оказывают состав питательной среды (источник углерода, азота, витаминов, минералов) и условия культивирования (температура, рН), поскольку для каждого рода и вида молочнокислых бактерий они являются индивидуальными. Экзополисахариды, продуцируемые молочнокислыми бактериями, интенсифицируют процесс ферментации молока, сокращая время образования сгустка, а также стимулируют рост сопутствующей в консорциуме пробиотической микрофлоры и синтез ими полезных метаболитов. Для более детального изучения полезных свойств полисахаридов и их применения в медицине, создания функциональных заквасок и применения полисахаридов в продуктах питания для улучшения их свойств необходимо проводить исследования бактерий-продуцентов экзополисахаридов, а также состав и структуру данных молекул. Целью работы являлось проведение обзора наиболее применяемых методов качественного и количественного определения экзополисахаридов, а также исследование их структуры и моносахаридного состава. Также представлена общая информация о свойствах данных молекул.

Most lactic acid bacteria synthesize exopolysaccharides during fermentation. Exopolysaccharides improve the stability and sensory profile of finished products by acting as thickeners or prebiotics. Exopolysaccharides are biologically active: they have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties, as well as improve intestinal microbiota and reduce cholesterol. Polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria meet the growing global demand for natural functional foods. Modern starter cultures can improve the sensory and rheological characteristics of the product. Exopolysaccharideproducing bacteria improve the quality of starter cultures. The nutrient medium composition (carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, minerals) and cultivation conditions (temperature, pH) affect the biosynthesis and yield of exopolysaccharides. They depend on the genus and species of lactic acid bacteria. Exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria intensify dairy fermentation and reduce curd formation time, as well as stimulate the growth of associated probiotic microflora and the synthesis of beneficial metabolites. Studies of molecular composition and structure of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria make it possible to explore the beneficial properties of polysaccharides, apply them in medicine, develop new functional starters, improve food quality, etc. This article reviews the most popular methods of exopolysaccharide studies, including their structure and monosaccharide composition.

 экзополисахариды молочнокислые бактерии химическая структура биосинтез биологическая активность молекулярная масса exopolysaccharides lactic acid bacteria chemical structure biosynthesis biological activity molecular weight Работа выполнена в рамках соглашения с Минобрнауки России № 075-15-2022-1143 от 07 июля 2022 г. The work was carried out under agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 075-15-2022-1143 dated July 7, 2022.

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