<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Scientific Research and Development. Economics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Scientific Research and Development. Economics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Научные исследования и разработки. Экономика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2587-9111</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113635</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Региональная и отраслевая экономика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Regional and sectoral economy</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Региональная и отраслевая экономика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Optimization of Collection and Transportation Logistics Chains for Low-Grade Wood and Sawmill Residues for Bioenergy Plants in the Arkhangelsk Region: Modeling Based on Mixed Integer Linear Optimization</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Оптимизация логистических цепочек сбора и транспортировки низкосортной древесины и отходов лесопиления для биоэнергетических установок в архангельской области: моделирование на основе смешанной целочисленной линейной оптимизации</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Спиричев</surname>
       <given-names>В. Д.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Spirichev</surname>
       <given-names>Vladislav Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>spirichev.1999@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пластинин</surname>
       <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Plastinin</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>14</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>39</fpage>
   <lpage>44</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-22T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>22</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/113635/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/113635/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье рассматривается проблема высоких логистических затрат при использовании лесных отходов для биоэнергетики в Архангельской области, где ежегодно образуется около 500–1200 тыс. м 3 отходов лесопиления [1], но их утилизация ограничена удаленностью источников, слабой инфраструктурой и сезонными факторами [2]. Цель исследования — минимизация совокупных издержек логистики, включая транспортные, складские и операционные затраты, при обеспечении загрузки биоэнергетических мощностей [3]. Методы включают смешанную целочисленную линейную программирование (MILP) [4], моделирование трех сценариев (базовый, зимний, весенний) и геопространственный анализ для расчета расстояний и потоков [5]. Результаты показывают оптимальную структуру: открытие 3–4 пунктов сбора (в Архангельске, Котласе, Онеге и дополнительно в южных районах), предпочтение мультимодального транспорта (водный и железнодорожный), распределение объемов с преобладанием водного в весенний период (до 60 тыс. м 3 по отдельным маршрутам). Снижение затрат достигает 18–32% по сравнению с текущей схемой (только автомобильный транспорт к ближайшим пунктам) [6]. Научная новизна заключается в интеграции сезонности (коэффициенты проходимости 0,4–1,2) [7], вариативности образования отходов (зимой +20%, летом –20%) [1], мультимодальности транспорта (авто, ж/д, водный) и инфраструктурных ограничений региона (река Северная Двина, железные дороги длиной 1767 км) [8], что позволяет адаптировать модель к северным условиям. Результаты могут быть использованы для региональных программ развития биоэнергетики, повышая устойчивость и снижая CO2 -эмиссии [9].</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article addresses the problem of high logistics costs when utilizing forest residues for bioenergy in the Arkhangelsk region, where approximately 5001200 thousand tons of sawmill residues are generated annually, but their utilization is limited due to source remoteness, weak infrastructure, and seasonal factors. The study's objective is to minimize total logistics costs, including transportation, storage, and operational expenses, while ensuring the loading of bioenergy capacities. Methods include mixed integer linear programming (MILP), simulation of three scenarios (baseline, winter, spring), and geospatial analysis to calculate distances and flows. Results indicate an optimal structure: opening 3–4 collection points (in Arkhangelsk, Kotlas, Onega, and additionally in southern areas), preference for multimodal transport (water and rail), volume distribution with predominance of water transport in spring (up to 60 thousand tons on specific routes). Cost reductions reach 18–32% compared to the current scheme (only road transport to nearest points). The scientific novelty lies in integrating seasonality (passability coefficients 0.4–1.2), variability in residue formation (winter +20%, summer –20%), transport multimodality (road, rail, water) and regional infrastructure constraints (Northern Dvina River, railways 1767 km long), enabling model adaptation to northern conditions. Results can support regional bioenergy development programs, enhancing sustainability and reducing emissions.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>биоэнергетика</kwd>
    <kwd>логистические цепочки</kwd>
    <kwd>отходы лесопиления</kwd>
    <kwd>смешанная целочисленная линейная оптимизация (MILP)</kwd>
    <kwd>Архангельская область</kwd>
    <kwd>мультимодальный транспорт</kwd>
    <kwd>сезонные ограничения</kwd>
    <kwd>геопространственный анализ</kwd>
    <kwd>Северная Двина</kwd>
    <kwd>лесопромышленный комплекс</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>bioenergy</kwd>
    <kwd>logistics chains</kwd>
    <kwd>sawmill residues</kwd>
    <kwd>mixed integer linear optimization (MILP)</kwd>
    <kwd>Arkhangelsk region</kwd>
    <kwd>multimodal transport</kwd>
    <kwd>seasonal constraints</kwd>
    <kwd>geospatial analysis</kwd>
    <kwd>Northern Dvina</kwd>
    <kwd>forest industry complex</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ОТХОДОВ В АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ // Russian Journal of Management. - 2024. - URL: https://rusjm.ru/ru/nauka/article/86195/view (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PROBLEMY I PERSPEKTIVY PERERABOTKI DREVESNYH OTHODOV V ARHANGEL'SKOY OBLASTI // Russian Journal of Management. - 2024. - URL: https://rusjm.ru/ru/nauka/article/86195/view (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ежегодный доклад о состоянии окружающей среды в Архангельской области. - Архангельск, 2023. - URL: https://dvinaland.ru/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezhegodnyy doklad o sostoyanii okruzhayuschey sredy v Arhangel'skoy oblasti. - Arhangel'sk, 2023. - URL: https://dvinaland.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СОСТОЯНИЕ И ОХРАНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ. - Архангельск, 2023. - URL: https://eco29.ru/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SOSTOYaNIE I OHRANA OKRUZhAYuSchEY SREDY. - Arhangel'sk, 2023. - URL: https://eco29.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A detailed MILP formulation for the optimal design of advanced biofuel supply chains // Renewable Energy. - 2021. - Vol. 171. - DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.043.  URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A detailed MILP formulation for the optimal design of advanced biofuel supply chains // Renewable Energy. - 2021. - Vol. 171. - DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.043.  URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An Integrated GIS-MILP Framework for Cost-Optimal Forest Biomass-to-Bioenergy Supply Chains // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2015. - Vol. 52. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.089 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An Integrated GIS-MILP Framework for Cost-Optimal Forest Biomass-to-Bioenergy Supply Chains // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2015. - Vol. 52. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.089 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sustainability assessment of biomass-based energy supply chain using multi-objective optimization model // Environment, Development and Sustainability. - 2023. - DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03258-1. - URL: https://link.springer.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sustainability assessment of biomass-based energy supply chain using multi-objective optimization model // Environment, Development and Sustainability. - 2023. - DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03258-1. - URL: https://link.springer.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сценарное моделирование в проектировании лесных дорог // Журнал фронтирных исследований. - 2025. - Т. 8, № 2. - URL: https://jfsi.ru/8-2-2025-podolskaiashatalin/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scenarnoe modelirovanie v proektirovanii lesnyh dorog // Zhurnal frontirnyh issledovaniy. - 2025. - T. 8, № 2. - URL: https://jfsi.ru/8-2-2025-podolskaiashatalin/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ПАСПОРТ железнодорожной инфраструктуры Архангельской области // Росжелдор. - 2024. - URL: https://rlw.gov.ru/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025)</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PASPORT zheleznodorozhnoy infrastruktury Arhangel'skoy oblasti // Roszheldor. - 2024. - URL: https://rlw.gov.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биоэнергетический потенциал Архангельской области // Топливно-энергетический комплекс России. - 2023. - Т. 15. (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bioenergeticheskiy potencial Arhangel'skoy oblasti // Toplivno-energeticheskiy kompleks Rossii. - 2023. - T. 15. (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shabani N., Sowlati T. Biomass supply chain optimization models // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2016. - Vol. 62. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.022. - URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabani N., Sowlati T. Biomass supply chain optimization models // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2016. - Vol. 62. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.022. - URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russia's federal constituent entities. - The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. - 2023. - URL: https://www.council.gov.ru/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russia's federal constituent entities. - The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. - 2023. - URL: https://www.council.gov.ru/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paris Agreement. - UNFCCC. - 2015. - URL: https://unfccc.int/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paris Agreement. - UNFCCC. - 2015. - URL: https://unfccc.int/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Current status and potential of bioenergy in the Russian Federation // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2018. - Vol. 81. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.044 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Current status and potential of bioenergy in the Russian Federation // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2018. - Vol. 81. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.044 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леспром - Правительство Архангельской области. - Официальный портал Правительства Архангельской области. - 2025. - URL: https://dvinaland.ru/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesprom - Pravitel'stvo Arhangel'skoy oblasti. - Oficial'nyy portal Pravitel'stva Arhangel'skoy oblasti. - 2025. - URL: https://dvinaland.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transition to a bioeconomy in Northwest Russia. - Nordregio. - 2020. - URL: https://nordregio.org/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transition to a bioeconomy in Northwest Russia. - Nordregio. - 2020. - URL: https://nordregio.org/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modeling and optimization of biomass supply chains: A review // IFAC-PapersOnLine. - 2016. - Vol. 49, No. 12. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.655 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modeling and optimization of biomass supply chains: A review // IFAC-PapersOnLine. - 2016. - Vol. 49, No. 12. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.655 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архангельский ЛПК резко увеличил экспорт продукции // Правда Севера. - 2023. - 16 янв. - URL: https://pravdasevera.ru/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arhangel'skiy LPK rezko uvelichil eksport produkcii // Pravda Severa. - 2023. - 16 yanv. - URL: https://pravdasevera.ru/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi-objective optimization modeling for biomass supply chain planning // Measurement and Control. - 2024. - DOI: 10.1177/00202940241226603 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi-objective optimization modeling for biomass supply chain planning // Measurement and Control. - 2024. - DOI: 10.1177/00202940241226603 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lumbering - Arkhangelsk region | Segezha Group. - 2023. - URL: https://segezha-group.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lumbering - Arkhangelsk region | Segezha Group. - 2023. - URL: https://segezha-group.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transport infrastructure of Russia: International corridors and transport hubs // Transportation Research Part D. - 2020. - Vol. 86. - DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102456 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transport infrastructure of Russia: International corridors and transport hubs // Transportation Research Part D. - 2020. - Vol. 86. - DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102456 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Energy wood resources in Northwest Russia // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2019. - Vol. 109. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109456 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Energy wood resources in Northwest Russia // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 2019. - Vol. 109. - DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109456 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экономическое обоснование вида транспорта при логистике лесной отрасли // Современные машины и технологии. - 2023. - № 53. - С. 129-137. - URL: https://brstu.ru/static/ (дата обращения: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie vida transporta pri logistike lesnoy otrasli // Sovremennye mashiny i tehnologii. - 2023. - № 53. - S. 129-137. - URL: https://brstu.ru/static/ (data obrascheniya: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forest Transportation // In: Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. - Springer. - 2017. - DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69052-9 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forest Transportation // In: Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. - Springer. - 2017. - DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69052-9 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment and optimization of forest biomass supply chains // Applied Energy. - 2014. - Vol. 119. - DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.010 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment and optimization of forest biomass supply chains // Applied Energy. - 2014. - Vol. 119. - DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.010 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Optimization of operational level transportation planning in forestry: a review // International Journal of Forest Engineering. - 2016. - Vol. 27, No. 2. - DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2016.1157393 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Optimization of operational level transportation planning in forestry: a review // International Journal of Forest Engineering. - 2016. - Vol. 27, No. 2. - DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2016.1157393 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model // Chemical Engineering Research and Design. - 2012. - Vol. 90, No. 8. - DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.02.015 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model // Chemical Engineering Research and Design. - 2012. - Vol. 90, No. 8. - DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.02.015 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biomass supply optimization under uncertainty // European Journal of Operational Research. - 2009. - Vol. 198, No. 1. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.11.032 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biomass supply optimization under uncertainty // European Journal of Operational Research. - 2009. - Vol. 198, No. 1. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.11.032 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Supply chain network design and operation: Systematic decision-making. - Cham: Springer, 2022. - 412 p. - DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89843-2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supply chain network design and operation: Systematic decision-making. - Cham: Springer, 2022. - 412 p. - DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89843-2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PuLP: A Linear Programming API for Python. - COIN-OR Foundation. - 2023. - URL: https://coin-or.github.io/pulp/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PuLP: A Linear Programming API for Python. - COIN-OR Foundation. - 2023. - URL: https://coin-or.github.io/pulp/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurobi Optimizer Reference Manual. - Gurobi Optimization, LLC. - 2025. - URL: https://www.gurobi.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurobi Optimizer Reference Manual. - Gurobi Optimization, LLC. - 2025. - URL: https://www.gurobi.com/ (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Life-cycle optimization of biomass supply chains // AIChE Journal. - 2011. - Vol. 57, No. 11. - DOI: 10.1002/aic.13468 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Life-cycle optimization of biomass supply chains // AIChE Journal. - 2011. - Vol. 57, No. 11. - DOI: 10.1002/aic.13468 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A mixed integer linear programming model for biomass logistics optimization // Biomass and Bioenergy. - 2009. - Vol. 33, No. 10. - DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.02.012 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A mixed integer linear programming model for biomass logistics optimization // Biomass and Bioenergy. - 2009. - Vol. 33, No. 10. - DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.02.012 (date of access: 07.12.2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
