Modeling of systems and processes Modeling of systems and processes Моделирование систем и процессов 2219-0767 120352 10.12737/2219-0767-2026-19-1-126-132 Технические науки Технические науки A decision support model for choosing an application server architecture at the design stage of CASE tools Модель поддержки принятия решений при выборе архитектуры сервера приложений на этапе проектирования CASE-средств Яскевич Константин Игоревич Yaskevich Konstantin Igorevich yaskevich.k.i@gmail.com

аспирант технических наук;

graduate student of technical sciences;

 24 04 2026 24 04 2026 19 1 126 132 08 04 2026 https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/120352/view

Выбор архитектуры сервера приложений на этапе проектирования программных систем сопряжён с необходимостью учёта множества разнородных факторов: ожидаемой нагрузки, требований к масштабируемости, режима совместной работы пользователей, бюджетных ограничений и квалификации команды разработки. Архитектурные решения классифицируются по двум независимым основаниям — количеству уровней (двухзвенная, трёхзвенная, n-звенная) и организации логики (монолитная, модульная, микросервисная), что создает различные варианты возможных конфигураций. Между тем отсутствие формализованных методик затрудняет обоснованный выбор оптимальной комбинации. Предлагаемая модель поддержки принятия решений основана на методе анализа иерархий Саати и включает шестиэтапный алгоритм: формирование множества критериев, определение их весов посредством попарных сравнений, построение множества допустимых альтернатив, оценку альтернатив по каждому критерию, вычисление глобальных приоритетов и анализ переходов между архитектурами. Применение модели продемонстрировано на примере CASE-средств — класса программных продуктов, для которого приоритетными являются требования к совместному редактированию моделей и удалённому доступу через веб-интерфейс. Практический кейс описывает ситуацию перехода из одной среды в другую десктопного CASE-инструмента с двухзвенной монолитной архитектурой; расчёт глобальных приоритетов показал, что конфигурация «трёхзвенная + модульная» получает максимальную оценку в сравнении с другими вариантами. Введение порогового значения разности приоритетов позволяет формально обосновать решение о переходе и определить оптимальную последовательность промежуточных этапов миграции. Результаты работы могут быть использованы архитекторами программного обеспечения при проектировании новых систем и планировании модернизации существующих.

Selecting an application server architecture at the software system design stage involves accounting for a wide range of heterogeneous factors, including expected workload, scalability requirements, collaborative usage modes, budget constraints, and the development team’s qualifications. Architectural solutions are classified according to two independent dimensions: the number of tiers (two-tier, three-tier, n-tier) and the organization of application logic (monolithic, modular, microservice-based), which results in a variety of possible configuration options. However, the lack of formalized methodologies complicates the substantiated selection of an optimal combination. The proposed decision support model is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by Saaty and incorporates a six-stage algorithm: formation of a set of criteria, determination of their weights through pairwise comparisons, construction of a set of admissible alternatives, evaluation of alternatives with respect to each criterion, computation of global priorities, and analysis of transitions between architectures. The application of the model is demonstrated using CASE tools—a class of software products for which collaborative model editing and remote access via a web interface are of primary importance. The practical case considers the transition of a desktop CASE tool with a two-tier monolithic architecture to another environment; the calculation of global priorities shows that the “three-tier + modular” configuration achieves the highest score compared to other alternatives. The introduction of a threshold value for priority differences enables a formal justification of the transition decision and the determination of an optimal sequence of intermediate migration stages. The results can be used by software architects when designing new systems and planning the modernization of existing ones.

 архитектура сервера приложений метод анализа иерархий многокритериальный выбор CASE-средства application server architecture analytic hierarchy process multicriteria decision-making CASE tools

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