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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15729</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/25059</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Ядерная медицина</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Nuclear medicine</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Ядерная медицина</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">To Improve Accuracy of Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry Planning Using Monte Carlo Method</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Применение метода Монте-Карло для повышения точности дозиметрического планирования радионуклидной терапии</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Наркевич</surname>
       <given-names>Борис Ярославович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Narkevich</surname>
       <given-names>Boris Yaroslavovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>medradiol@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гончаров</surname>
       <given-names>М. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Goncharov</surname>
       <given-names>M. В.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лысак</surname>
       <given-names>Ю. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lysak</surname>
       <given-names>Yu. В.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ширяев</surname>
       <given-names>С. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shiryaev</surname>
       <given-names>S. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава РФ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ассоциация медицинских физиков России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Association of Medical Physicists of Russia</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-03-14T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2017</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-03-14T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2017</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>62</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>49</fpage>
   <lpage>55</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/15729/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/15729/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Разработка и клиническая апробация методики дозиметрического планирования радионуклидной терапии на основе Монте-Карло-моделирования процесса переноса излучения.&#13;
Материал и методы: Предложена методика определения в абсолютных единицах активности радиофармпрепарата, накопленного в опухолевом очаге. Методика основана на сцинтиграфии шприца с содержащейся в нем диагностической активностью радиофармпрепарата, двухпроекционной сцинтиграфии пациента после инъекции этого радиофармпрепарата и определении накопления радиофармпрепарата при введении рассчитанной методом Монте-Карло поправки на поглощение и рассеяние излучения в теле пациента и в коллиматоре гамма-камеры. Была использована программа MCNP Монте-Карло-моделирования. Методика была апробирована при исследовании с инъекцией 30 МБк 123I-MIBG ребенку с нейробластомой.&#13;
Результаты: Уровень накопления радиофармпрепарата в опухоли надпочечника составил 0,78 МБк, т.е. 2,6 % от введенной активности. Это соответствует литературным данным (в среднем около 2,4 %) для сцинтиграфических исследований детей с нейробластомами. При использовании известной методики расчета по аналитической формуле без введения поправки на поглощение и рассеяние излучения был получен результат 1,02 МБк, т.е. завышение составило 31 %.&#13;
Выводы: Введение рассчитанной методом Монте-Карло поправки на поглощение и рассеяние излучения при проведении сцинтиграфии пациента позволяет повысить точность дозиметрического планирования радионуклидной терапии.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: Development and clinical testing of methodology dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transfer process.&#13;
Material and methods: The method of determination in absolute units of radiopharmaceutical (RP) activity accumulated in tumor lesions. The technique is based on scintigraphy syringe containing diagnostic RP activity, biplane patient scintigraphy after injection of the RP and determination of the RP accumulation when administered calculated using the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation in the patient’s body and in the collimator of the gamma camera. Code MCNP Monte Carlo simulation was used. The layout of determination of the value of accumulated RP activity in the patient’s tumor site implies successive implementation of the following three steps.&#13;
1. Scintigraphic images are obtained of the vial containing already known activity of the RP placed at the fixed source-to-collimator distance, following&#13;
which estimation of the detector count rate within the specified region of interest of the vial image is undertaken.&#13;
2. Therapeutic activity A0 is introduced in the patient’s body, scintigraphic examination of the patient is performed. Estimation of the detector count rate in the region where the tumor is located and the value of tissue background in the close enough vicinity to the tumor is performed using the tools for contouring the region of interest on the obtained planar image provided using the software imbedded in the scintigraphic equipment.&#13;
3. Value of accumulated activity RP in the affected tumor is determined according to the correction factor which is calculated using Monte-Carlo method for specific clinical case for the geometry used in obtaining scintigraphic images which is identical to the conditions of measurement of activity in the vial and in the patient’s body. The technique has been tested in the study, with an injection of 30 MBq of 123I-MIBG child with neuroblastoma.&#13;
Results: The level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the tumor of the adrenal gland was 0.78 MBq, i.e. 2.6 % of the administered activity. This corresponds to literature data (average about 2.4 %) for scintigraphic studies of children with neuroblastomas. When using the known calculation method for analytical formula without the introduction of corrections for the absorption and scattering of radiation was obtained a result of 1.02 MBq, i.e. overestimation was 31 %.&#13;
Conclusions: Introduction calculated by the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation during scintigraphy patient can improve the accuracy of dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>радионуклидная терапия</kwd>
    <kwd>дозиметрическое планирование</kwd>
    <kwd>опухолевые очаги</kwd>
    <kwd>накопление радиофармпрепарата</kwd>
    <kwd>определение активности</kwd>
    <kwd>метод Монте-Карло</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>radionuclide therapy</kwd>
    <kwd>dosimetry planning</kwd>
    <kwd>tumor foci</kwd>
    <kwd>radiopharmaceutical accumulation</kwd>
    <kwd>activity determination</kwd>
    <kwd>Monte-Carlo method</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>Потребность в оценке ожидаемого терапевтического эффекта контроля над опухолью при дозиметрическом планировании радионуклидной терапии (РНТ) диктует необходимость повышения точности определения поглощенных доз в опухолевых очагах. Однако применение в РНТ источников внутреннего облучения в виде терапевтических радиофармпрепаратов (РФП) накладывает особый отпечаток на методики осуществления дозиметрического контроля поглощенных доз. Кроме того, значительная вариабельность показателей накопления РФП в патологических очагах и в нормальных тканях организма пациента, связанная с индивидуальными особенностями кинетики и динамики РФП, является неоспоримым доказательством необходимости проведения как индивидуального дозиметрического планирования процедуры РНТ, так и контроля очаговых доз после проведения курса РНТ. Обе эти задачи требуют обязательного определения абсолютной величины накопленной активности РФП в патологических очагах.   </p>
 </body>
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