Путем анализа энергетического баланса для потока зернового материала, истекающего из бункера, выявлена зависимость влияния формы выпускного отверстия на равномерность истечения по ширине щели. Результат использован для оптимизации геометрии бункера.
The uniformity of air flow in the aspirating channels largely depends on constant supply of grain across the channel. However, most of the feeding aspirators do not provide a constant flow of particulate mater. That’s why one of the areas of industrial development of new technological operations is their preliminary theoretical and experimental research. The uniformity expiration of grain from the hopper to the outlet side occurs through the action of frictional forces. The friction forces are divided into internal and external friction, opposing the grain movement. External friction force, provided by the walls of the hopper, reduce the exhaust velocity of bulk near the walls. Thus, the extensional discharge of the bulk is more in the central parts of the outlet, than in its outer parts. Reducing the extensional discharge in the extreme zones is associated with a decrease in the flow rate of these zones. So that to ensure a constant grain unloading from the hopper, it is proposed to change the outlet profile, enhancing the area of outlet in the areas of its contact with the edges of the side walls. It is shown, that the area of the secondary part depends on the angle of the bottom hopper and the height of the outlet. The results of the data can be used to optimize the geometry of the hopper.