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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28616</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5cf2306a3b26d6.36140627</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Протонная терапия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Proton therapy</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Протонная терапия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Radiobiological Proton Effects</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Радиобиологические эффекты протонов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Иванов</surname>
       <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ivanov</surname>
       <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бычкова</surname>
       <given-names>Т. М.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bichkova</surname>
       <given-names>T. M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Никитенко</surname>
       <given-names>О. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nikitenko</surname>
       <given-names>O. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ушаков</surname>
       <given-names>И. Б.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ushakov</surname>
       <given-names>I. B.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Объединенный институт ядерных исследований</institution>
     <city>Дубна</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution>
     <city>Dubna</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Biomedical Problems</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>19</fpage>
   <lpage>31</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28616/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28616/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Обзор содержит анализ литературных данных и результатов собственных исследований авторов по радиобиологическим эффектам протонов различных энергий на клеточном, системном (межклеточном) и организменном уровнях, применительно к практическим задачам от лучевой терапии онкологических заболеваний до воздействия протонов на организм космонавтов.&#13;
Установлено, что ОБЭ протонов является величиной переменной, зависящей от ЛПЭ частиц, величины и мощности дозы, наличия или отсутствия кислорода. ОБЭ протонов меняется в зависимости от объекта исследования, типа ткани, энергии протонов и глубины проникновения частиц, а также от метода оценки биологической эффективности протонов, что соответствует общим радиобиологическим закономерностям. В частности, показано, что величина ОБЭ протонов, принятая в лучевой терапии на уровне 1,1, является условной. Твердо установленным и неоднократно подтвержденным является факт увеличения ОБЭ со снижением энергии протонов и, соответственно, с увеличением ЛПЭ.&#13;
Использование элементов физической защиты космического корабля при воздействии протонов с энергией 170 МэВ в эксперименте на мышах обусловливает увеличение ЛПЭ протонов и увеличение ОБЭ по показателю клеточности костного мозга.&#13;
Фармакологические препараты, эффективные при фотонном облучении, эффективны и при воздействии пучком протонов. Показано, что природный пигмент меланин и рекомбинантная марганец-содержащая супероксиддисмутаза способствуют сохранению и ускорению восстановления кроветворения у животных, облученных протонами.&#13;
Вакцина «Гриппол» повышает радиорезистентность при протонном облучении. Нейропептид «Семакс» благоприятно влияет на состояние ЦНС и силу передних лап животных, облученных протонами в пике Брэгга в нелетальной дозе.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article contains an analysis of literature data and the author’s own results on the radiobiological effects of protons at the cellular, systemic (intercellular) and organismic levels, as applied to the practical tasks of radiation therapy of oncological diseases and the protons effects on the astronauts’ organism.&#13;
It is established that the proton RBE is a variable value, depending on the LET of the particles, the amount and dose rate, the presence or absence of oxygen. Proton RBE varies depending on the object of study, the type of tissue, proton energy and particle penetration depth, as well as the method for evaluating the biological efficiency of protons. which corresponds to general radiobiology.&#13;
In particular, it has been shown that the RBE of protons adopted in radiation therapy at the level of 1.1 is conditional. A firmly established and repeatedly confirmed is an increase in RBE with a decrease in proton energy and, accordingly, an increase in LET.&#13;
The use of elements of the physical protection of a spacecraft during exposure to protons with an energy of 170 MeV leads to an increase in LET and RBE of protons in terms of the cellularity of the bone marrow. &#13;
Pharmacological agents effective in photon irradiation are also effective when exposed to a proton beam. It has been shown that natural melanin pigment and recombinant manganese superoxide dismutase helps to preserve and accelerate the resumption of blood formation in animals irradiated by protons. The Grippol vaccine increases radioresistance during proton irradiation. Neuropeptide Semax has a positive effect on the central nervous system and the strength of the forepaws of animals irradiated with protons at Bragg’s peak.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>протоны</kwd>
    <kwd>ОБЭ</kwd>
    <kwd>пик Брэгга</kwd>
    <kwd>ЦНС</kwd>
    <kwd>кроветворение</kwd>
    <kwd>хромосомные аберрации</kwd>
    <kwd>выживаемость</kwd>
    <kwd>противолучевые средства</kwd>
    <kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd>
    <kwd>космическое излучение</kwd>
    <kwd>мыши</kwd>
    <kwd>крысы</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>protons</kwd>
    <kwd>RBE</kwd>
    <kwd>Bragg peak</kwd>
    <kwd>central nervous system</kwd>
    <kwd>hematopoiesis</kwd>
    <kwd>chromosomal aberrations</kwd>
    <kwd>survival</kwd>
    <kwd>radioprotective agents</kwd>
    <kwd>radiation therapy</kwd>
    <kwd>space radiation</kwd>
    <kwd>mice</kwd>
    <kwd>rat</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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