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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28891</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/article_5cf2364cb49523.98590475</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная медицина</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation medicine</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная медицина</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Individual Dose Distribution in Cohort of People Exposed as a Result of Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Распределение индивидуальных доз в когорте людей, облученных в результате радиоактивного загрязнения реки Течи</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Дёгтева</surname>
       <given-names>М. О.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Degteva</surname>
       <given-names>M. O.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Напье</surname>
       <given-names>Б. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Napier</surname>
       <given-names>B. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Толстых</surname>
       <given-names>Е. И.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tolstykh</surname>
       <given-names>E. I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шишкина</surname>
       <given-names>Е. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shishkina</surname>
       <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бугров</surname>
       <given-names>Н. Г.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bougrov</surname>
       <given-names>N. G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Крестинина</surname>
       <given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Krestinina</surname>
       <given-names>L. Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Аклеев</surname>
       <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Akleev</surname>
       <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанская северо-западная национальная лаборатория им. Бетелла</institution>
     <city>Ричланд</city>
     <country>США</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</institution>
     <city>Richland</city>
     <country>United States of America</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Челябинский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk State University</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Челябинск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution>
     <city>Chelyabinsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-9">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Челябинский государственный университет, Челябинск</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>64</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>46</fpage>
   <lpage>53</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28891/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/28891/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Дескриптивный анализ распределений индивидуальных доз в органах и тканях людей, подвергшихся облучению на реке Тече, загрязненной в 1949–1956 гг. в результате сбросов жидких радиоактивных отходов производственным объединением (ПО) «Маяк». &#13;
Материал и методы: Для расчета доз внешнего и внутреннего облучения использовалась дозиметрическая система TRDS-2016D, в базы данных которой включена информация о динамике поступления радионуклидов и мощностях доз в воздухе для населенных пунктов (НП), расположенных на загрязненных территориях реки Течи и Восточно-Уральского радиоактивного следа (ВУРС). Комбинируя средние по НП данные для каждого календарного периода с историей проживания и возрастом конкретного человека, система продуцирует индивидуальный сценарий внешнего облучения и индивидуальные поступления радионуклидов, а затем рассчитывает соответствующие им дозы внешнего и внутреннего облучения. Имеющиеся измерения содержания 90Sr в организме, а также имеющаяся информация по расположению индивидуальных хозяйств относительно загрязненной реки Течи используются для уточнения оценок индивидуальных доз.&#13;
Результаты: Индивидуальные дозы были рассчитаны для 29647 человек, включенных в Когорту Реки Течи (КРТ). Согласно данным из историй проживания, 5280 членов КРТ получили дополнительные дозы облучения на территории ВУРСа. Средняя по когорте доза для большинства внескелетных тканей не превышала 100 мГр, при этом для красного костного мозга (ККМ) она равнялась 350 мГр. Помимо облучения на Тече и ВУРСе, для членов КРТ были рассчитаны индивидуальные дозы от поступления 131I из атмосферных выбросов ПО «Маяк». Средняя по когорте доза на щитовидную железу (ЩЖ) составила 210 мГр. Максимальные дозы (около 1 Гр на большинство внескелетных тканей и свыше 7 Гр на ЩЖ и ККМ) получены для людей, которые в период сбросов находились в детском и юношеском возрасте и проживали в верховьях реки Течи на близком расстоянии от ПО «Маяк».&#13;
Выводы: Члены КРТ были облучены в широком диапазоне доз при низкой мощности радиационного воздействия. Оценки поглощенных доз будут использоваться для анализа дозовых зависимостей заболеваемости сóлидными опухолями и лейкозами, что позволит уточнить коэффициенты риска отдаленных эффектов в условиях хронического облучения и в дальнейшем может использоваться для целей радиационной защиты.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: Descriptive analysis of the distributions of organ/tissue doses for individuals exposed to radiation as a result of liquid waste releases into the Techa River by the Mayak Production Association (PA) in 1949–1956. &#13;
Material and methods: The dosimetry system TRDS-2016D has been used to compute individual doses of external and internal exposures. TRDS-2016D databases include information on radionuclide intakes and dose rates in air for settlements located in the contaminated areas of the Techa River and the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT). Combining these village-average data with the residence history and age of a particular person, the system produces an individual scenario of external exposure and individual radionuclide intakes and then calculates corresponding external and internal doses from the Techa River and EURT. Available 90Sr-body-burden measurements and available information on individual household locations relative to the contaminated river have been used for refinement of individual dose estimates. &#13;
Results: Individual doses have been calculated for 29,647 persons included in the Techa River Cohort (TRC). According to residence history data, 5,280 members of the TRC were additionally exposed due to residency in the EURT villages. The cohort-average dose for the majority of extra-skeletal tissues does not exceed 100 mGy, while for the red bone marrow (RBM) it is equal to 350 mGy. In addition to the doses from the Techa River and EURT, individual thyroid doses for TRC members exposed to the Mayak PA atmospheric 131I releases have been calculated in a separate computer program. The cohort–average thyroid dose is 210 mGy. Maximum doses (about 1 Gy to the majority of extra-skeletal tissues and over 7 Gy to the thyroid and RBM) are observed for the persons who lived in their childhood and adolescence in the upper Techa region at close distance to the Mayak PA.&#13;
Conclusion: The TRC members were exposed to chronic radiation over a wide range of doses, but at low-to-moderate-dose rates. Estimates of absorbed doses can be used to analyze the dose dependences of the incidence of solid cancers and leukemias. This can make it possible to verify risk coefficients of low-dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation which can be used for radiation protection purposes.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>реконструкция доз</kwd>
    <kwd>производственное объединение «Маяк»</kwd>
    <kwd>река Теча</kwd>
    <kwd>Восточно-Уральский радиоактивный след</kwd>
    <kwd>стронций-90</kwd>
    <kwd>цезий-137</kwd>
    <kwd>йод-131</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>dose reconstruction</kwd>
    <kwd>Mayak Production Association</kwd>
    <kwd>Techa river</kwd>
    <kwd>East Urals Radioactive Trace</kwd>
    <kwd>Strontium-90</kwd>
    <kwd>Cesium-137</kwd>
    <kwd>Iodine-131</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, Suslova KG, Romanov SA, Akleyev AV. Analysis of the results of long-lived radionuclide body burden monitoring in residents of the Urals region. Radiation Hygiene. 2018;11(3):30-9. DOI: 10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-3-30-39. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, Suslova KG, Romanov SA, Akleyev AV. Analysis of the results of long-lived radionuclide body burden monitoring in residents of the Urals region. Radiation Hygiene. 2018;11(3):30-9. DOI: 10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-3-30-39. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Krivoschapov VA, et al. Reconstruction of long-lived radionuclide intakes for Techa riverside residents: Strontium-90. Health Phys. 2011;101(1):28-47. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318206d0ff.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Krivoschapov VA, et al. Reconstruction of long-lived radionuclide intakes for Techa riverside residents: Strontium-90. Health Phys. 2011;101(1):28-47. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318206d0ff.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Age and gender specific biokinetic model for strontium in humans. J Radiol Prot. 2015;35(1):87-127. DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/87.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Age and gender specific biokinetic model for strontium in humans. J Radiol Prot. 2015;35(1):87-127. DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/87.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstykh EI, Peremyslova LM, Degteva MO, Napier BA. Reconstruction of radionuclide intakes for the residents of East Urals Radioactive Trace (1957-2011). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017;56(1):27-45. DOI 10.1007/s00411-016-0677-y.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstykh EI, Peremyslova LM, Degteva MO, Napier BA. Reconstruction of radionuclide intakes for the residents of East Urals Radioactive Trace (1957-2011). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017;56(1):27-45. DOI 10.1007/s00411-016-0677-y.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napier BA, Eslinger PW, Tolstykh EI, Vorobiova MI, Tokareva EE, Akhramenko BN, et al. Calculations of individual doses for Techa River Cohort members exposed to atmospheric radioiodine from Mayak releases. J Environ Radioact. 2017;178-179:156-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.013.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napier BA, Eslinger PW, Tolstykh EI, Vorobiova MI, Tokareva EE, Akhramenko BN, et al. Calculations of individual doses for Techa River Cohort members exposed to atmospheric radioiodine from Mayak releases. J Environ Radioact. 2017;178-179:156-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.013.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Reconstruction of long-lived radionuclide intakes for Techa riverside residents: 137Cs. Health Phys. 2013;104(5):481-98. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318285bb7a.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. Reconstruction of long-lived radionuclide intakes for Techa riverside residents: 137Cs. Health Phys. 2013;104(5):481-98. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318285bb7a.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Vozilova AV, Volchkova AY, Vorobiova MI, et al. Analysis of EPR and FISH studies of radiation doses in persons who lived in the upper reaches of the Techa River. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2015;54:433-44. DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0611-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Vozilova AV, Volchkova AY, Vorobiova MI, et al. Analysis of EPR and FISH studies of radiation doses in persons who lived in the upper reaches of the Techa River. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2015;54:433-44. DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0611-8.</mixed-citation>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akleyev AV, Krestinina LYu, Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI. Consequences of the radiation accident at the Mayak production association in 1957. J Radiol Prot. 2017;37:R19-R42. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa7f8d.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akleyev AV, Krestinina LYu, Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI. Consequences of the radiation accident at the Mayak production association in 1957. J Radiol Prot. 2017;37:R19-R42. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa7f8d.</mixed-citation>
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    <label>19.</label>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Bougrov NG, Zalyapin VI, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. An approach to reduction of uncertainties in internal doses reconstructed for the Techa River population. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2007;127:480-5. DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncm410.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Tolstykh EI, Bougrov NG, Zalyapin VI, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA. An approach to reduction of uncertainties in internal doses reconstructed for the Techa River population. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2007;127:480-5. DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncm410.</mixed-citation>
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    <label>20.</label>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shishkina EA, Volchkova AYu, Degteva MO, Napier BA. Evaluation of dose rates in the air at non-uniform vertical distribution of gamma-emitting radionuclides in different types of soil. Radiation Safety Issues. 2016;(3):43-52. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkina EA, Volchkova AYu, Degteva MO, Napier BA. Evaluation of dose rates in the air at non-uniform vertical distribution of gamma-emitting radionuclides in different types of soil. Radiation Safety Issues. 2016;(3):43-52. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
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    <label>21.</label>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiller MM, Woda C, Bougrov NG, Degteva MO, Ivanov O, Ulanovsky A, Romanov S. External dose reconstruction for the former village of Metlino (Techa River, Russia) based on environmental surveys, luminescence measurements and radiation transport modelling. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017;56(2):139-59. DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0688-3.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiller MM, Woda C, Bougrov NG, Degteva MO, Ivanov O, Ulanovsky A, Romanov S. External dose reconstruction for the former village of Metlino (Techa River, Russia) based on environmental surveys, luminescence measurements and radiation transport modelling. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017;56(2):139-59. DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0688-3.</mixed-citation>
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    <label>22.</label>
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     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degteva MO, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, Vozilova AV, Shagina NB, Volchkova AYu, et al. Application of EPR and FISH methods to dose reconstruction for people exposed in the Techa River area. Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2017;57:30-41. DOI: 10.7868/S0869803117010052. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degteva MO, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, Vozilova AV, Shagina NB, Volchkova AYu, et al. Application of EPR and FISH methods to dose reconstruction for people exposed in the Techa River area. Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2017;57:30-41. DOI: 10.7868/S0869803117010052. (Russian).</mixed-citation>
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 </back>
</article>
