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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project Management</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project Management</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Научные исследования и разработки. Российский журнал управления проектами</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2587-6279</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3555</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/5784</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Методология управления портфелями, программами и проектами</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Portfolio, programs and projects management methodology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Методология управления портфелями, программами и проектами</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Key Points in Program Planning and Realization</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Ключевые особенности реализации и планирования программы</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Макеева</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Makeeva</surname>
       <given-names>Olga Юрьевна</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>makeeva.o.y@gmail.com</email>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-09-17T00:00:00+04:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2014</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-09-17T00:00:00+04:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2014</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>3</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>35</fpage>
   <lpage>45</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/3555/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/3555/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Управление программами – активно развивающаяся последние десятилетия область знаний. Отсутствие единого понимания программ,&#13;
отличительных черт и схожих принципов управления программами,&#13;
портфелями и проектами, недостаточный учет основных характеристик программы, таких как большое число входящих проектов, их взаимосвязанность и взаимозависимость, необходимость управления на&#13;
двух уровнях — стратегическом и детальном, создаваемая и аккумулируемая за счет числа проектов неопределенность, требование постоянной настройки программы под изменяющиеся условия внешней&#13;
и внутренней сред создают определенный пул проблем, которые влияют на качественное планирование программы. Отставание по срокам,&#13;
перерасход бюджета, потеря стратегических ориентиров приводят к&#13;
недостижению целей бизнеса.&#13;
Проанализированы отличительные черты программы, проведен сравнительный анализ программ, проектов, портфелей, выявлены особенности планирования программы. Определены главные элементы&#13;
плана программы с акцентом на возникающие сложности и ключевые&#13;
составляющие. Проанализированы возможности использования накопленных знаний по планированию проектов и портфелей при создании плана программы. Выявлена необходимость разработки подхода&#13;
к планированию программы с учетом всех ее особенностей.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Program management is an actively developing field of knowledge during&#13;
the last decades. The lack of programs’ common understanding, distinguishing&#13;
features and at the same time the similar principles of program,&#13;
portfolio and project management, insufficient accounting program’s main&#13;
features, such as a large number of incoming interrelated and interdependent&#13;
projects, the need for two-level management (strategic and detailed&#13;
ones), creating and accumulating uncertainty due to a number of projects,&#13;
demand for program’s continuous adjustment according to changing conditions&#13;
of internal and external environment create the pool of problems&#13;
that affects the program planning quality. Slippage, budget overruns, loss of&#13;
strategic guidelines – all this lead to failure in achieving business objectives.&#13;
In this paper the program’s distinctive features have been analyzed, comparative&#13;
analysis of programs, projects, portfolios has been made, key&#13;
points of program planning have been identified. The main elements of&#13;
program plan have been defined with an accent on emerging difficulties&#13;
and key components. Possibilities of use of collected knowledge related to&#13;
projects and portfolios planning while creating the program plan have been&#13;
analyzed. The need for developing a new approach to program planning&#13;
with account of all program’s features has been revealed.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>управление программами</kwd>
    <kwd>планирование программы</kwd>
    <kwd>система управления</kwd>
    <kwd>разработка плана программы.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>program management</kwd>
    <kwd>program planning</kwd>
    <kwd>management system</kwd>
    <kwd>program’s plan development.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>В настоящее время многие компании выстраивают свою деятельность через реализацию проектов. В зависимости от природы и масштабов мероприятий компании, проекты могут объединяться в программы и портфели. Понимание основных характеристик трех инструментов управления, их отличительных черт и присущих им взаимосвязей поможет менеджерам выбрать наиболее подходящий в рамках заданных ограничений внешней и внутренней сред. Переход от проектного к программному менеджменту, а также внедрение программного менеджмента в организацию не сводится только к увеличению числа проектов. Однако в настоящее время в научной среде ведутся споры о сущности программного менеджмента. На практике менеджеры не до конца осознают, что же такое программа, применяют уже используемые ими проектные методы, забывая об основных отличиях программы. Все это в итоге приводит к недостижению поставленных целей.Управление программами — активно развивающаяся последние несколько десятилетий область знаний. Д. Фернс [4] в 1991 г. ввел определение программного менеджмента с акцентом на координацию проектов как основной функции программ. С момента первого упоминания о программах исследователи так или иначе пытались затронуть все доступные для изучения стороны программного менеджмента.Так, Р. Грей [8] рассматривал альтернативные подходы к управлению программами, основанные на степени контроля над функциями управления программами, и как это сказывается на отдельных работах проекта. Он считал, что далеко не всегда традиционная иерархическая структура управления является подходящим вариантом, предлагая как альтернативу основанную на открытых информационных потоках структуру (взаимная адаптация).</p>
 </body>
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