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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42427</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-72202105</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetic data recovery approach based on the concept of digital twins</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Подход к восстановлению геомагнитных данных на базе концепции цифровых двойников</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Воробьев</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vorobev</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>geomagnet@list.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7465</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пилипенко</surname>
       <given-names>Вячеслав Анатольевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pilipenko</surname>
       <given-names>Vyacheslav Anatolievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>space.soliton@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский университет науки и технологий</institution>
     <city>Уфа</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution>
     <city>Ufa</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>53</fpage>
   <lpage>62</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-07T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>07</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/42427/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/42427/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Ни одна наземная магнитная станция или обсерватория не гарантирует качество получаемой и передаваемой информации. Пропуски данных, выбросы и аномальные значения являются распространенной проблемой, касающейся практически любой сети наземных магнитометров и затрудняющей эффективную обработку и анализ экспериментальных данных. Обеспечение мониторинга надежности и повышение качества работы аппаратно-программных модулей, входящих в состав магнитных станций, возможно за счет разработки их виртуальных моделей, или так называемых цифровых двойников.&#13;
В настоящей работе на примере сети высокоширотных магнитометров IMAGE рассматривается один из возможных подходов к созданию моделей такого рода. Обосновано использование цифровых двойников магнитных станций для минимизации ряда проблем и ограничений, связанных с наличием выбросов и пропущенных значений во временных рядах геомагнитных данных, а также для обеспечения возможности ретроспективного прогноза параметров геомагнитного поля со  среднеквадратической ошибкой в авроральной зоне до 11.5 нТл. Интеграция цифровых двойников в процессы сбора и регистрации геомагнитных данных реализует возможность автоматической  идентификации и замещения отсутствующих и аномальных значений, таким образом повышая за счет эффекта резервирования отказоустойчивость магнитной станции как объекта-источника данных.&#13;
На примере цифрового двойника станции «Kilpisjärvi» (Финляндия) показано, что предлагаемый подход реализует восстановление 99.55 % годовой информации, при этом 86.73 % – с ошибкой, не превышающей 12 нТл.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>There is no ground-based magnetic station or observatory that guarantees the quality of information received and transmitted to it. Data gaps, outliers, and anomalies are a common problem affecting virtually any ground-based magnetometer network, creating additional obstacles to efficient processing and analysis of experimental data. It is possible to monitor the reliability and improve the quality of the hardware and soft- ware modules included in magnetic stations by develop- ing their virtual models or so-called digital twins.&#13;
In this paper, using a network of high-latitude IMAGE magnetometers as an example, we consider one of the possible approaches to creating such models. It has been substantiated that the use of digital twins of magnetic stations can minimize a number of problems and limitations associated with the presence of emissions and missing values in time series of geomagnetic data, and also provides the possibility of retrospective forecasting of geomagnetic field parameters with a mean square error (MSE) in the auroral zone up to 11.5 nT. Integration of digital twins into the processes of collecting and registering geomagnetic data makes the automatic identification and replacement of missing and abnormal values possible, thus increasing, due to the redundancy effect, the fault tolerance of the magnetic station as a data source object.&#13;
By the example of the digital twin of the station “Kilpisjärvi” (Finland), it is shown that the proposed approach implements recovery of 99.55 % of annual information, while 86.73 % with M not exceeding 12 nT.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>цифровые двойники</kwd>
    <kwd>восстановление временных рядов</kwd>
    <kwd>статистический анализ</kwd>
    <kwd>геомагнитные данные</kwd>
    <kwd>магнитные станции</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>digital twins</kwd>
    <kwd>time series reconstruction</kwd>
    <kwd>statistical analysis</kwd>
    <kwd>geomagnetic data</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetic stations</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ № 21-77-30010</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by RSF (Grant No. 21-77-30010).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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