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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project Management</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project Management</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Научные исследования и разработки. Российский журнал управления проектами</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2587-6279</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4955</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/8013</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Методы и инструменты управления проектом</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Methods and instruments of project management</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Методы и инструменты управления проектом</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Project Stakeholder Engagement: Theoretical Approaches Review</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Обзор теоретических подходов к взаимодействию со стейкхолдерами проекта</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пономарева</surname>
       <given-names>Т. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ponomareva</surname>
       <given-names>T. В.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tponomareva@hse.ru</email>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гергерт</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gergert</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitriy Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dgergert@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ</institution>
     <city>Пермь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">НИУ ВШЭ</institution>
     <city>Пермь</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-03-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-03-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>4</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>30</fpage>
   <lpage>38</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/4955/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/4955/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В настоящее время устойчивое развитие компании, на наш взгляд, невозможно без учета интересов необходимого, релевантного и достаточного числа участников экономико-социального процесса.&#13;
Роль участников такого процесса подвергалась тщательному и глубокому осмыслению на протяжении целого ряда лет существования&#13;
теории стейкхолдеров.&#13;
Многочисленные академические исследования и эмпирический опыт&#13;
позволили установить связь между интересами различных групп влияния и деятельностью компании.&#13;
Управление компанией на основе модели стейкхолдеров, т.е. с учетом&#13;
интересов групп влияния, является, на наш взгляд, инструментом менеджмента, позволяющим перейти в область более тонкой настройки&#13;
целей компании и как результат лечь в основу выбора более эффективных стратегических траекторий компании на всех возможных рынках,&#13;
а именно: финансовом, рынке товаров и услуг, трудовых ресурсов и т.д.&#13;
Благодаря управлению на основе взаимодействия со стейкхолдерами&#13;
возникает модель устойчивого развития компании, осознанное понимание бизнес-будущего.&#13;
Такая система взаимоотношений и взаимодействия достаточно многообразна. Существует большое количество форм, способов ее проявления в организации, но не всегда интересы согласуются с субъектами, на&#13;
которые они направлены, т.е. с заинтересованными сторонами.&#13;
В связи с тем, что в настоящее время существуют большие затруднения в области определения как особенностей взаимодействия с&#13;
заинтересованными сторонами, которые учитывали бы большое разнообразие мнений, интересов, часто имеющих конфликтную природу&#13;
и разнонаправленный целевой характер, так и степень влияния на реализуемые в компании проекты, в данной статье широко представлены подходы к определению как самого понятия стейкхолдер (заинтересованное лицо), так и рассмотрены существующие теоретические&#13;
модели стейкхолдеров.&#13;
Важным аспектом данного исследования является тот факт, что взаимоотношения со стейкхолдерами компании рассматриваются в контексте проектного управления.&#13;
Проекты, на наш взгляд, как организационный формат и философия&#13;
бизнеса выступают основными проводниками реализации изменений&#13;
в компании. Любые изменения, в свою очередь, затрагивают интересы групп влияния, поэтому мы полагаем, что можем рассчитывать на&#13;
методическую помощь со стороны теории стейкхолдеров как в части&#13;
проведения более детального анализа последствий таких изменений&#13;
и их влияния на заинтересованные стороны, так и в поиске эффективных решений для реализации бизнес-целей в рамках концепции&#13;
устойчивого развития.&#13;
Актуальность данной статьи может быть представлена как попытка&#13;
рассмотрения совокупности теоретико-методических подходов к организации взаимодействия со стейкхолдерами, определению границ&#13;
и форм данных моделей стейкхолдеров, которые получили самое&#13;
широкое распространение как в академической литературе, так и в&#13;
бизнес-школах.&#13;
Теоретико-методологической основой данной работы являются исследования Фримана [11], Кларксона [9], Фридмана с соавторами [12],&#13;
Митчела с соавторами [22], Бринера [5] и др.&#13;
Цель данной работы состоит в обзоре существующих методических&#13;
подходов к взаимодействию со стейкхолдерами проекта.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Recently, organizational challenges and the need to achieve sustainable&#13;
development make it more important to engage with all the necessary and&#13;
relevant participants of the economic and social processes.&#13;
Furthermore, the imperatives of sustainable development reinforce the&#13;
need to engage with stakeholders to realize specific organizational goals,&#13;
as well as to meet broader social, environmental and economic changes.&#13;
A company has many stakeholders, each with distinct types and levels of&#13;
involvement, and often with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests&#13;
and concerns. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement&#13;
needs to be managed. Stakeholder engagement has always been crucial&#13;
to a company’s performance and recently has become an important tool&#13;
to transfer responsibility to management practice and corporate strategy.&#13;
The academic literature includes many attempts at classifying stakeholders&#13;
using various criteria and definitions. The ambiguity and the vagueness&#13;
of the stakeholder concept are discussed from the different scientific approaches.&#13;
The criticisms of stakeholder theory have already been thoroughly&#13;
analyzed and widely commented on in the scientific literature.&#13;
The stakeholder model has been constantly expanding and now includes&#13;
more than two dozen groups. However, over the years, the uncontrolled&#13;
broadening of its scope and applications, the multiplication of the numerous&#13;
stakeholder definitions, have created confusion. A strong need for clarification&#13;
and a clear delimitation of the stakeholders was thus urgently needed.&#13;
Moreover businesses should scale their stakeholder engagement strategies&#13;
relative to the risks. The company should identify and map stakeholders in&#13;
regard to all of its activities, products, services and projects&#13;
There is no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to stakeholder engagement.&#13;
The type of relationship the private sector should try to develop with&#13;
its stakeholders, and the resources and level of effort that it should invest,&#13;
will differ according to the nature, location, and scale of the project; the&#13;
phase of its development; and the interests of the stakeholders themselves.&#13;
In this article the authors present a review of different methods and scientific&#13;
approaches to the stakeholder engagement theory and make an attempt to&#13;
establish the significance of stakeholder engagement tools and modes in&#13;
the process of project management.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>управление проектами</kwd>
    <kwd>теория взаимодействия со стейкхолдерами.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>project management</kwd>
    <kwd>stakeholder engagement theory.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>Заинтересованные стороны проекта, особенности определения и взаимодействияУправление заинтересованными сторонами компании становится популярным в середине восьмидесятых годов [7; 11; 35]. Теория взаимодействия с заинтересованными сторонами впервые была разработана Фриманом [11]. В ней сказано, что чем лучше фирма взаимодействует со множеством групп, которые имеют какой-либо интерес или «долю» в компании, тем успешнее эта компания будет развиваться. Согласно Фриману, заинтересованные лица – «группы лиц или индивиды, которые могут оказывать влияние на организацию и наоборот». В целом это определение подразумевает двунаправленное взаимодействие, поэтому оно учитывает потенциально большое число лиц и организаций, прямо или косвенно связанных с компанией [24].Некоторые исследователи придерживались той же линии мышления [например, 22; 13; 15; 25; 16; 30]. Более узкое определение заинтересованных сторон было дано Митчелом [22], который сосредоточил свое внимание на индивидах, группах, имеющих непосредственное отношение к ключевым экономическим интересам компании.</p>
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