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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49706</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-84202205</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Peculiarities of ULF wave characteristics in a multicomponent ionospheric plasma</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Особенности характеристик КНЧ-волн в многокомпонентной ионосферной плазме</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Котик</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Самойлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kotik</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitriy Samoylovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dmitry.kotik@nirfi.unn.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Орлова</surname>
       <given-names>Екатерина Валерьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Orlova</surname>
       <given-names>Ekaterina Valeryevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ekaterina.orlova.94@bk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яшнов</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yashnov</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">the Leading and National Research Nizhigorodsky State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-24T19:09:02+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-24T19:09:02+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>57</fpage>
   <lpage>65</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-07T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>07</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-17T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>17</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/49706/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/49706/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>На основе магнитоионной теории исследованы свойства низкочастотных электромагнитных волн в многокомпонентной ионосферной плазме в диапазоне частот 1–30 Гц. Рассчитаны компоненты тензора комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости ионосферной плазмы и показатели преломления нормальных волн в интервале высот от 80 до 750 км. Результаты расчетов продемонстрировали сильную зависимость показателей преломления от частоты и высоты. Поляризация обыкновенной и необыкновенной волн является эллиптической во всем диапазоне исследованных частот. Показано, что показатели преломления и поляризация нормальных волн стремятся к магнитогидродинамическим (МГД) значениям только на частотах, меньших 1 Гц. Вектор групповой скорости необыкновенной волны не направлен вдоль магнитного поля, как это следует из МГД-приближения, а отклоняется в зависимости от частоты на угол 5°–10°. Направление вектора групповой скорости обыкновенной волны практически не зависит от угла между волновым вектором и направлением геомагнитного поля, как и в МГД-приближении. Предложенная методика расчетов характеристик нормальных волн в ионосфере может быть использована при изучении распространения КНЧ-волн как от естественных, так и от искусственных ионосферных источников, возникающих под действием мощных КВ-радиоволн в нижней и верхней ионосфере.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We have examined the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in multicomponent ionospheric plasma in the 1–30 Hz band, using the magnetoionic theory. Complex permittivity tensor components and refractive indices of normal waves (ordinary and extraordinary) were calculated at altitudes from 80 to 750 km. The calculations show that the refractive indices are highly dependent on frequency and height. Polarization of ordinary and extraordinary waves is elliptical over the entire range of the frequencies investigated. The refractive index and the polarization of normal waves are demonstrated to tend to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) values only at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. The group velocity vector of an extraordinary wave is not directed along the magnetic field, as follows from the MHD approximation, but it lies inside a cone within ±(5–10) degrees, depending on frequency. The group velocity vector of an ordinary wave is practically independent of the angle with the geomagnetic field as in the MHD approximation. The proposed method for calculating the characteristics of normal waves in the ionosphere can be used to study ULF wave propagation from both natural and artificial ionospheric sources, which arise under the action of powerful HF radio waves in the lower and upper ionosphere.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>КНЧ-волны</kwd>
    <kwd>ионосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>показатель преломления</kwd>
    <kwd>поляризация</kwd>
    <kwd>альфвеновская волна</kwd>
    <kwd>быстрая магнитозвуковая волна</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ULF waves</kwd>
    <kwd>ionosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>refractive index</kwd>
    <kwd>polarization</kwd>
    <kwd>Alfvén wave</kwd>
    <kwd>fast magnetosonic wave</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда: разработка модели многокомпонентной ионосферной плазмы в рамках проекта  № 20-17-00050 и расчеты характеристик нормальных КНЧ-волн в ионосфере в рамках проекта № 20-12-00197</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation: development of the multicomponent ionospheric plasma model under Project No. 20-17-00050 and calculations of characteristics of normal ULF waves in the ionosphere under Project No. 20-12-00197</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p>  </p>
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