Forestry Engineering Journal Forestry Engineering Journal Лесотехнический журнал 2222-7962 64868 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/8 Технологии. Машины и оборудование TECHNOLOGIES. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Технологии. Машины и оборудование Integrated Forest Vegetation Management: Stages and Development Prospects Комплексное управление лесной растительностью: этапы и перспективы развития Платонов Алексей Александрович Platonov Aleksey Александрович paa5@rambler.ru ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный университет путей сообщения» Россия ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный университет путей сообщения» Russian Federation 27 09 2023 27 09 2023 13 2 142 157 27 03 2023 14 08 2023 http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-2-50/integrated-forest-vegetation-management-stages-and-development-prospects

При формировании предприятиями лесопромышленного комплекса защитных лесных насаждений вдоль линейных инфраструктурных объектов возникает проблема последующего самопроизвольного размножения древесно-кустарниковой растительности, что приводит к беспорядку на территориях вышеуказанных объектов и создаёт угрозу безопасности их функционирования. Во многих зарубежных странах работы по поддержанию в нормативном состоянии территорий линейных объектов инфраструктуры выполняются в строгом соответствии с определёнными методами концептуального управления произрастанием растительности. При этом подобные методы управления практически неизвестны как отечественной научной общественности, занимающейся вопросами защитного лесоразведения, так и лицам, принимающим решения о необходимости воздействия на нежелательную древесно-кустарниковую растительность. Целью исследования являлось изучение и анализ системных методов управления произрастающей на территориях линейных инфраструктурных объектов нежелательной древесно-кустарниковой растительностью для повышения качества и эффективности её удаления, а также составления рекомендаций по надлежащему содержанию указанных территорий. Кластерный анализ направлений мировых исследований по управлению лесной растительностью выявил 3 крупных направления, связанных: с уменьшением или увеличением видового богатства и видового разнообразия растительности, а также недопустимостью последующего её возобновления; методами и способами воздействия на растительность, в том числе выгодами от управления растительностью; экологическими и эстетическими последствиями управления произрастанием растительности, а также общественным восприятием итогов такого управления. Выявленные принципы применения широко распространённой в мире системы интегрированного управления растительностью (Integrated Vegetation Management: IVM) в обязательном порядке учитываются организациями, ответственными за управление различными охранными зонами и полосами отчуждения. Наиболее удобным для охарактеризования выборочного подхода к управлению нежелательной растительностью, произрастающей на территориях линейных инфраструктурных объектов, является словосочетание «Комплексное управление лесной растительностью». В качестве базовой структуры системы IVM применяется модель, предложенная в 2005 г. Nowak C.A. и Ballard B.D., и предусматривающая реализацию полного системного подхода при воздействии на растительность. Нецелесообразно совмещать в одном шаге (критической фазе указанной модели) мониторинг потенциального эффекта от воздействия на нежелательную растительность и оценку данного воздействия. При дальнейшем совершенствовании системы IVM необходимо создать комплекс чётко определённых и при этом подлежащих измерению показателей, в полной мере отражающих достигнутый (или – не достигнутый) эффект от воздействия на нежелательную растительность. Для внедрения в отечественную практику защитного лесоразведения системы IVM должны быть не отдельным инструментом управления растительностью, а комбинацией подходов к управлению, включая не только оценку участка линейного инфраструктурного объекта, но и последующий контроль и определение качества нормативного содержания данного участка.

When enterprises of the timber industry complex form protective forest plantations along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of tree and shrub vegetation arises, which leads to disorder in the territories of the above facilities and creates a threat to the safety of their operation. In many foreign countries, work to maintain the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in a standard state is carried out in strict accordance with certain methods of conceptual management of vegetation growth. At the same time, such management methods are practically unknown both to the domestic scientific community dealing with the issues of protective afforestation, and to those who make decisions on the need to influence unwanted trees and shrubs. The purpose of the study was to study and analyze systemic methods for managing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to improve the quality and efficiency of its removal, as well as to make recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. Cluster analysis of world research trends in forest vegetation management revealed 3 major areas associated with: a decrease or increase in species richness and diversity of vegetation, as well as the inadmissibility of its subsequent renewal; methods and means of influencing vegetation, including the benefits of vegetation management; ecological and aesthetic consequences of vegetation management, as well as public perception of the results of such management. The established principles for the application of the integrated vegetation management system (Integrated Vegetation Management: IVM), which is widespread in the world, are necessarily taken into account by organizations responsible for managing various protected zones and right-of-way. The most convenient for characterizing a selective approach to the management of unwanted vegetation growing in the territories of linear infrastructure facilities is the phrase «Integrated forest vegetation management». As the basic structure of the IVM system, the model proposed in 2005 by Nowak and Ballard is used, which provides for the implementation of a complete systems approach when influencing vegetation. It is inappropriate to combine in one step (the critical phase of this model) the monitoring of the potential effect of the impact on unwanted vegetation and the assessment of this impact. With further improvement of the IVM system, it is necessary to create a set of clearly defined and at the same time measurable indicators that fully reflect the achieved (or not achieved) effect from the impact on unwanted vegetation. It is shown that in order to introduce protective afforestation into domestic practice, IVM systems should not be a separate vegetation management tool, but a combination of management approaches, including not only the assessment of a plot of a linear infrastructure facility, but also subsequent control and determination of the quality of the normative maintenance of this plot.

 инфраструктурный объект растительность удаление интегрированное управление системный подход качество мониторинг infrastructure facility vegetation removal integrated management systems approach quality monitoring

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