Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2500-0535 67081 10.12737/stp-94202301 Reviews Reviews Reviews Fifty years of studying the GCR intensity during inversion of heliospheric magnetic fields I. Observations Fifty years of studying the GCR intensity during inversion of heliospheric magnetic fields I. Observations Крайнев Михаил Борисович Krainev Mikhail Borisovich mkrainev46@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Базилевская Галина Александровна Bazilevskaya Galina Aleksandrovna bazilevskayaga@lebedev.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Калинин Михаил Сергеевич Kalinin Mikhail Sergeevich kalininms@lebedev.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Михайлов Владимир Владимирович Mihaylov Vladimir Vladimirovich vvmikhajlov@gmail.com Свиржевская Альбина Константиновна Svirzhevskaya Albina Konstantinovna svirzhevskayaak@lebedev.ru Свиржевский Николай Саввович Svirzhevsky Nikolay Savvovich svirzhevskyns@lebedev.ru Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Moscow Russian Federation Шаньдунский институт перспективных технологий Цзинань, Шаньдун Китайская Народная Республика Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Jinan, Shandong China Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Moscow Russian Federation Московский инженерно-физический институт Москва Россия Moscow Engineering-Physics Institute Moscow Russian Federation Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН Москва Россия P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS Moscow Russian Federation 28 12 2023 28 12 2023 9 4 3 16 03 07 2023 05 09 2023 https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/67081/view

The effects of the 22-year variation of solar magnetic fields in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity were first observed and interpreted as manifestations of inversion of the high-latitude solar magnetic field in properties of heliospheric magnetic fields by the Lebedev Physical Institute team in 1973. Since then, these effects have been studied already for 50 years. The situation with the heliospheric magnetic field is clear for periods of medium and low sunspot activity — the heliosphere consists of two unipolar “hemispheres” separated by a wavy global heliospheric current sheet and characterized by a general polarity A (unit quantity with the sign of the radial component of the heliospheric magnetic field in the northern hemisphere). Yet there is no consensus on what the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field is and which effects in the GCR intensity are connected with this phenomenon. In this article, we briefly formulate general concepts of the 22-year variation in characteristics of the Sun, heliosphere, and GCR intensity and discuss the observed effects in the GCR intensity, which we attribute to the heliospheric magnetic field reversal. Models for this phenomenon and the results of GCR intensity calculations with these models will be discussed in the next article.

The effects of the 22-year variation of solar magnetic fields in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity were first observed and interpreted as manifestations of inversion of the high-latitude solar magnetic field in properties of heliospheric magnetic fields by the Lebedev Physical Institute team in 1973. Since then, these effects have been studied already for 50 years. The situation with the heliospheric magnetic field is clear for periods of medium and low sunspot activity — the heliosphere consists of two unipolar “hemispheres” separated by a wavy global heliospheric current sheet and characterized by a general polarity A (unit quantity with the sign of the radial component of the heliospheric magnetic field in the northern hemisphere). Yet there is no consensus on what the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field is and which effects in the GCR intensity are connected with this phenomenon. In this article, we briefly formulate general concepts of the 22-year variation in characteristics of the Sun, heliosphere, and GCR intensity and discuss the observed effects in the GCR intensity, which we attribute to the heliospheric magnetic field reversal. Models for this phenomenon and the results of GCR intensity calculations with these models will be discussed in the next article.

 heliosphere heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF) inversion of HMF galactic cosmic rays (GCR) GCR modulation long-term GCR variations 22-year GCR intensity variation GCR during HMF inversion heliosphere heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF) inversion of HMF galactic cosmic rays (GCR) GCR modulation long-term GCR variations 22-year GCR intensity variation GCR during HMF inversion Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Government assignment, Project “Fundamental and Applied Research of Cosmic Rays”, No. FSWU-2023-0068) (Mikhailov V.V.) Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Government assignment, Project “Fundamental and Applied Research of Cosmic Rays”, No. FSWU-2023-0068) (Mikhailov V.V.)

Adriani O., Barbarino G.C., Bazilevskaya G.A., Bellotti R., Boezio M., Bogomolov E.A., et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Time dependence of the proton flux measured by PAMELA during the 2006 July-2009 December solar minimum. Astrophys. J. 2013, vol. 765, no. 2, p. 91. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/91. Adriani O., Barbarino G.C., Bazilevskaya G.A., Bellotti R., Boezio M., Bogomolov E.A., et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Time dependence of the proton flux measured by PAMELA during the 2006 July-2009 December solar minimum. Astrophys. J. 2013, vol. 765, no. 2, p. 91. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/91. Adriani O., Barbarino G.C., Bazilevskaya G.A., Bellotti R., Boezio M., Bogomolov E.A., et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Unexpected cyclic behavior in cosmic-ray protons observed by PAMELA at 1 au. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 852, no.2, p. L28. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa403. Adriani O., Barbarino G.C., Bazilevskaya G.A., Bellotti R., Boezio M., Bogomolov E.A., et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Unexpected cyclic behavior in cosmic-ray protons observed by PAMELA at 1 au. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 852, no.2, p. L28. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa403. Aguilar M., et al. (AMS Collaboration). Observation of complex time structures in the cosmic-ray electron and positron fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018, vol. 121, 051102. Aguilar M., et al. (AMS Collaboration). Observation of complex time structures in the cosmic-ray electron and positron fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018, vol. 121, 051102. Aguilar M., et al. (AMS Collaboration). Periodicities in the daily proton fluxes from 2011 to 2019 measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2021, vol. 127, 271102. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102. Aguilar M., et al. (AMS Collaboration). Periodicities in the daily proton fluxes from 2011 to 2019 measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2021, vol. 127, 271102. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102. Ahluwalia H.S. Eleven year variation of cosmic ray intensity and solar polar field reversals. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 12, p. 182-186. Ahluwalia H.S. Eleven year variation of cosmic ray intensity and solar polar field reversals. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 12, p. 182-186. Altschuler M.D., Newkirk G., Jr. Magnetic fields and the structure of the solar corona. I. Methods of calculating coronal fields. Solar Phys. 1969, vol. 9, pp. 131-149. DOI: 10.1007/ BF00145734 Altschuler M.D., Newkirk G., Jr. Magnetic fields and the structure of the solar corona. I. Methods of calculating coronal fields. Solar Phys. 1969, vol. 9, pp. 131-149. DOI: 10.1007/ BF00145734 Aslam O.P.M., Luo Xi, Potgieter M.S., Ngobeni M.D., Song Xiaojian. Unfolding drift effects for cosmic rays over the period of the Sun’s magnetic field reversal. Astrophys. J. 2023, vol. 947, iss. 2, id. 72, 17 p. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc24a. Aslam O.P.M., Luo Xi, Potgieter M.S., Ngobeni M.D., Song Xiaojian. Unfolding drift effects for cosmic rays over the period of the Sun’s magnetic field reversal. Astrophys. J. 2023, vol. 947, iss. 2, id. 72, 17 p. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc24a. Astaf'eva N.M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Krainev M.B., Sladkova A.I. Depression in cosmic ray variations during the inversions of the polar magnetic field of the Sun. Proc. 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1997, vol. 7, pp. 337-340. Astaf'eva N.M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Krainev M.B., Sladkova A.I. Depression in cosmic ray variations during the inversions of the polar magnetic field of the Sun. Proc. 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1997, vol. 7, pp. 337-340. Babcock H.D. The Sun’s polar magnetic field. Astrophysical Journal. 1959. vol. 130, p. 364-365. DOI: 10.1086/146726. Babcock H.D. The Sun’s polar magnetic field. Astrophysical Journal. 1959. vol. 130, p. 364-365. DOI: 10.1086/146726. Babcock H.W. The topology of the Sun’s magnetic field and the 22-year cycle. Astrophys. J. 1961, vol. 133, p. 572. DOI: 10.1086/147060. Babcock H.W. The topology of the Sun’s magnetic field and the 22-year cycle. Astrophys. J. 1961, vol. 133, p. 572. DOI: 10.1086/147060. Bazilevskaya G.A., Svirzhevskaya A.K. On the stratospheric measurements of cosmic rays. Space Sci. Rev. 1998, vol. 85, pp. 431-521. Bazilevskaya G.A., Svirzhevskaya A.K. On the stratospheric measurements of cosmic rays. Space Sci. Rev. 1998, vol. 85, pp. 431-521. Bazilevskaya G.A., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevskaya A.K., Svirzhevsky N.S. The relationship between the galactic cosmic ray intensity and the sunspot distribution. Adv. Space Res. 1995, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. (9)221-(9)225. DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00339-G. Bazilevskaya G.A., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevskaya A.K., Svirzhevsky N.S. The relationship between the galactic cosmic ray intensity and the sunspot distribution. Adv. Space Res. 1995, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. (9)221-(9)225. DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00339-G. Bazilevskaya G., Krainev M., Makhmutov V., Sladkova A., Storini M., Fluckiger E. The Gnevyshev gap in cosmic ray physics. Proc. 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium. 1998, pp. 83-86. Bazilevskaya G., Krainev M., Makhmutov V., Sladkova A., Storini M., Fluckiger E. The Gnevyshev gap in cosmic ray physics. Proc. 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium. 1998, pp. 83-86. Bazilevskaya G., Broomhall A.-M., Elsworth Y., Nakariakov, V.M. A combined analysis of the observational aspects of the quasi-biennial oscillation in solar magnetic activity. Space Sci. Ser. ISSI. 2015, vol. 53, p. 359. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2584-1_12. Bazilevskaya G., Broomhall A.-M., Elsworth Y., Nakariakov, V.M. A combined analysis of the observational aspects of the quasi-biennial oscillation in solar magnetic activity. Space Sci. Ser. ISSI. 2015, vol. 53, p. 359. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2584-1_12. Bieber J.W., Evenson P.A., Matthaeus W.H. The nuts and bolts of cosmic ray modulation. Proc. the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1987, vol. 3, p. 175. Bieber J.W., Evenson P.A., Matthaeus W.H. The nuts and bolts of cosmic ray modulation. Proc. the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1987, vol. 3, p. 175. Burger J.J., Swanenburg B.N. Energy dependent time lag in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays. J. Geophys. Res. 1973, vol. 78, iss. 1, p. 292. DOI: 10.1029/JA078i001p00292. Burger J.J., Swanenburg B.N. Energy dependent time lag in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays. J. Geophys. Res. 1973, vol. 78, iss. 1, p. 292. DOI: 10.1029/JA078i001p00292. Burton M.E., Crooker N.U., Siscoe G.L., Smith E.J. A test of source-surface models predictions of heliospheric current sheet inclination. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, vol. 99, iss. A1, pp. 1-10. DOI: 10.1029/93JA02100. Burton M.E., Crooker N.U., Siscoe G.L., Smith E.J. A test of source-surface models predictions of heliospheric current sheet inclination. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, vol. 99, iss. A1, pp. 1-10. DOI: 10.1029/93JA02100. Cane H.V., Wibberenz G., Richardson I.G. von Rosenvinge T.T. Cosmic ray modulation and the solar magnetic field. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, vol. 26, pp. 565-568. DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900032 Cane H.V., Wibberenz G., Richardson I.G. von Rosenvinge T.T. Cosmic ray modulation and the solar magnetic field. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, vol. 26, pp. 565-568. DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900032 Charakhchyan A.N., Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Charakhchyan T.N. Anomalous effect in the 11-year galactic cosmic ray modulation. Proc. the 13th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1973, vol. 2, pp. 1159-1164. Charakhchyan A.N., Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Charakhchyan T.N. Anomalous effect in the 11-year galactic cosmic ray modulation. Proc. the 13th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1973, vol. 2, pp. 1159-1164. Charbonneau P. Dynamo models of the solar cycle. Living Reviews Solar Physics. 2010, vol. 7, p. 3. DOI: 10.1007/s41116-020-00025-6. Charbonneau P. Dynamo models of the solar cycle. Living Reviews Solar Physics. 2010, vol. 7, p. 3. DOI: 10.1007/s41116-020-00025-6. Evenson P., Garcia-Munoz M., Meyer P., Pyle K.R., Simpson J.A. A quantitative test of solar modulation theory: The proton, helium and electron spectra from 1965 through 1979. Astrophys. J. Lett. 1983, vol. 275, p. L15. DOI: 10.1086/184162. Evenson P., Garcia-Munoz M., Meyer P., Pyle K.R., Simpson J.A. A quantitative test of solar modulation theory: The proton, helium and electron spectra from 1965 through 1979. Astrophys. J. Lett. 1983, vol. 275, p. L15. DOI: 10.1086/184162. Fisher R.A. Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Bold, 1954. Fisher R.A. Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Bold, 1954. Forbush S.E. World-wide changes in cosmic-ray intensity. Reviews of Modern Physics. 1939, vol. 11, iss. 3-4, pp. 168-172. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.11.168. Forbush S.E. World-wide changes in cosmic-ray intensity. Reviews of Modern Physics. 1939, vol. 11, iss. 3-4, pp. 168-172. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.11.168. Forbush S.E. World-wide cosmic-ray variations, 1937-1952. J. Geophys. Res. 1954, vol. 59, iss. 4, pp. 525-542. DOI: 10.1029/JZ059i004p00525. Forbush S.E. World-wide cosmic-ray variations, 1937-1952. J. Geophys. Res. 1954, vol. 59, iss. 4, pp. 525-542. DOI: 10.1029/JZ059i004p00525. Forbush S.E. Variation with a period of two solar cycles in the cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy and the superposed variations correlated with magnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res. 1969, vol. 74, iss. 14, p. 3451. DOI: 10.1029/JA074i014p03451. Forbush S.E. Variation with a period of two solar cycles in the cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy and the superposed variations correlated with magnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res. 1969, vol. 74, iss. 14, p. 3451. DOI: 10.1029/JA074i014p03451. Garcia-Munoz M., Meyer P., Pyle K.R., Simpson J.A., Evenson P. The dependence of solar modulation on the sign of the cosmic ray particle charge. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, vol. 91, no. A3, pp. 2858-2866. DOI: 10.1029/JA091iA03p02858. Garcia-Munoz M., Meyer P., Pyle K.R., Simpson J.A., Evenson P. The dependence of solar modulation on the sign of the cosmic ray particle charge. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, vol. 91, no. A3, pp. 2858-2866. DOI: 10.1029/JA091iA03p02858. Gnevyshev M.N. On the 11-year cycle of solar activity. Solar Phys. 1967, vol. 1, рр. 107-120. DOI: 10.1007/BF00150306. Gnevyshev M.N. On the 11-year cycle of solar activity. Solar Phys. 1967, vol. 1, rr. 107-120. DOI: 10.1007/BF00150306. Hale G.E. On the probable existence of a magnetic field in sun-spots. Astrophys. J. 1908, vol. 28, рр. 3015-343. Hale G.E. On the probable existence of a magnetic field in sun-spots. Astrophys. J. 1908, vol. 28, rr. 3015-343. Hale G.E. Preliminary results of an attempt to detect the general magnetic field of the Sun. Astrophys. J. 1913, vol. 38, pp. 27-98. Hale G.E. Preliminary results of an attempt to detect the general magnetic field of the Sun. Astrophys. J. 1913, vol. 38, pp. 27-98. Hale G.E., Ellerman F., Nicholson S.B., Joy A.H. The magnetic polarity of the sun-spots. Astrophys. J. 1919, vol. 49, рр. 153-178. Hale G.E., Ellerman F., Nicholson S.B., Joy A.H. The magnetic polarity of the sun-spots. Astrophys. J. 1919, vol. 49, rr. 153-178. Howard R. Studies of solar magnetic fields. I. The average field strengths. Solar Phys. 1974, vol. 38, рр. 283-299. DOI: 10.1007/BF00155067. Howard R. Studies of solar magnetic fields. I. The average field strengths. Solar Phys. 1974, vol. 38, rr. 283-299. DOI: 10.1007/BF00155067. Jokipii J.R., Levy E.H. Electric field effects on galactic cosmic rays at the heliospheric boundary. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 3, рр. 52-56. Jokipii J.R., Levy E.H. Electric field effects on galactic cosmic rays at the heliospheric boundary. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 3, rr. 52-56. Jokipii J.R., Thomas B. Effect of drift on the transport of cosmic rays. IV. Modulation by a wavy interplanetary current sheet. Astrophys. J. 1981, vol. 243, рр. 1115-1122. DOI: 10.1086/158675. Jokipii J.R., Thomas B. Effect of drift on the transport of cosmic rays. IV. Modulation by a wavy interplanetary current sheet. Astrophys. J. 1981, vol. 243, rr. 1115-1122. DOI: 10.1086/158675. Jokipii J.R., Levy E.H., Hubbard W.B. Effects of particle drift on cosmic-ray transport. I. General properties, application to solar modulation. Astrophys. J. 1977, vol. 213, рр. 861-868. DOI: 10.1086/155218. Jokipii J.R., Levy E.H., Hubbard W.B. Effects of particle drift on cosmic-ray transport. I. General properties, application to solar modulation. Astrophys. J. 1977, vol. 213, rr. 861-868. DOI: 10.1086/155218. Krainev M.B. The solar corona expansion geometry and cosmic ray effects. IV. On the cosmic ray energy change due to the electric field. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 3, рр. 236-241. Krainev M.B. The solar corona expansion geometry and cosmic ray effects. IV. On the cosmic ray energy change due to the electric field. Proc. 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1979, vol. 3, rr. 236-241. Krainev M.B. Influence of the general magnetic field of the Sun on the 11-year cycle and “anomalous” phenomena in galactic cosmic rays. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriia Fizicheskaia [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics]. 1983, vol. 47, no 9, pp. 1754-1760. (In Russian). Krainev M.B. Influence of the general magnetic field of the Sun on the 11-year cycle and “anomalous” phenomena in galactic cosmic rays. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriia Fizicheskaia [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics]. 1983, vol. 47, no 9, pp. 1754-1760. (In Russian). Krainev M.B. Manifestations of two branches of solar activity in the heliosphere and GCR intensity. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 10-20. DOI: 10.12737/stp-54201902. Krainev M.B. Manifestations of two branches of solar activity in the heliosphere and GCR intensity. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 10-20. DOI: 10.12737/stp-54201902. Krainev M.B., Kalinin M.S. On the GCR intensity and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field during the periods of the high solar activity. Proc. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference. 2014, icrc2013-0317/1-4, ArXiv:1411.7532 [astro-ph.SR]. Krainev M.B., Kalinin M.S. On the GCR intensity and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field during the periods of the high solar activity. Proc. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference. 2014, icrc2013-0317/1-4, ArXiv:1411.7532 [astro-ph.SR]. Krainev M.B., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the energetic “hysteresis” in the galactic cosmic ray intensity. Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1983a, vol. 3, pp. 23-26. Krainev M.B., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the energetic “hysteresis” in the galactic cosmic ray intensity. Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1983a, vol. 3, pp. 23-26. Krainev M.B., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the “anomalous” phenomena in the galactic cosmic ray intensity in the periods of the inversion of general magnetic field of the Sun. Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1983b, vol. 3, pp. 95-98. Krainev M.B., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the “anomalous” phenomena in the galactic cosmic ray intensity in the periods of the inversion of general magnetic field of the Sun. Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1983b, vol. 3, pp. 95-98. Krainev M.B. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. Galactic cosmic rays during periods of solar-magnetic-field inversion. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriia Fizicheskaia [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics]. 1984, vol.48, no 11, pp. 2100-2102. (In Russian). Krainev M.B. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. Galactic cosmic rays during periods of solar-magnetic-field inversion. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriia Fizicheskaia [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics]. 1984, vol.48, no 11, pp. 2100-2102. (In Russian). Krainev M.B. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the influence of the heliomagnetospheric periphery on the galactic cosmic rays. Proc. 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1985, vol. 4, pp. 481-484. Krainev M.B. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the influence of the heliomagnetospheric periphery on the galactic cosmic rays. Proc. 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1985, vol. 4, pp. 481-484. Krainev M.B., Storini M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Fluckiger E.O., Makhmutov V.S., Sladkova A.I., Starodubtsev S.A. The Gnevyshev gap effect in galactic cosmic rays. Proc. 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1999, vol. 7, pp. 155-158. Krainev M.B., Storini M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Fluckiger E.O., Makhmutov V.S., Sladkova A.I., Starodubtsev S.A. The Gnevyshev gap effect in galactic cosmic rays. Proc. 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1999, vol. 7, pp. 155-158. Krainev M., Bazilevskaya G., Kalinin M., et al. GCR intensity during the sunspot maximum phase and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field. Proc. Science. 2015. PoS (ICRC2015) 081/1-8. Krainev M., Bazilevskaya G., Kalinin M., et al. GCR intensity during the sunspot maximum phase and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field. Proc. Science. 2015. PoS (ICRC2015) 081/1-8. Krymskiy G. F. Diffusion mechanism of diurnal cosmic-ray variations. Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1964, vol. 4, pp. 763-769. Krymskiy G. F. Diffusion mechanism of diurnal cosmic-ray variations. Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1964, vol. 4, pp. 763-769. Lockwood J.A., Leznyak J.A., Webber W.R. Change in the eleven-year modulation at the time of the June 8, 1969, Forbush decrease. J. Geophys. Res. 1972, vol. 77, iss. 25, p. 4839. DOI: 10.1029/JA077i025p04839. Lockwood J.A., Leznyak J.A., Webber W.R. Change in the eleven-year modulation at the time of the June 8, 1969, Forbush decrease. J. Geophys. Res. 1972, vol. 77, iss. 25, p. 4839. DOI: 10.1029/JA077i025p04839. Martucci M., Munini R., Boezio M., Di Felice V., Adriani O, et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Proton fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 854, p. L2. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa9b2. Martucci M., Munini R., Boezio M., Di Felice V., Adriani O, et al. (PAMELA collaboration). Proton fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 854, p. L2. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa9b2. Nagashima K. Long term modulation of cosmic rays in helio-magnetosphere. Proc. 15th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1977, vol. 10, pp. 380-396. Nagashima K. Long term modulation of cosmic rays in helio-magnetosphere. Proc. 15th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1977, vol. 10, pp. 380-396. Parker E.N. Cosmic ray modulation by solar wind. Phys. Rev. 1958, vol. 110, p. 1445. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.110.1445. Parker E.N. Cosmic ray modulation by solar wind. Phys. Rev. 1958, vol. 110, p. 1445. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.110.1445. Parker E.N. Interplanetary dynamical processes. 1963. New York. Interscience Publishers. Parker E.N. Interplanetary dynamical processes. 1963. New York. Interscience Publishers. Parker E.N. The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space. Planetary and Space Sciences. 1965, vol. 13, pp. 9-49. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(65)90131-5. Parker E.N. The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space. Planetary and Space Sciences. 1965, vol. 13, pp. 9-49. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(65)90131-5. Potgieter M.S. Solar modulation of cosmic rays. Living Reviews. Solar Physics. 2013, vol. 10, p. 3. DOI: 10.12942/lrsp-2013-3. Potgieter M.S. Solar modulation of cosmic rays. Living Reviews. Solar Physics. 2013, vol. 10, p. 3. DOI: 10.12942/lrsp-2013-3. Potgieter M. S., Le Roux J.A. More on a possible modulation barrier in the outer heliosphere. Adv. Space Res. 1989, vol. 91, p. 121. DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90318-9. Potgieter M. S., Le Roux J.A. More on a possible modulation barrier in the outer heliosphere. Adv. Space Res. 1989, vol. 91, p. 121. DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90318-9. Schatten K.H., Wilcox J.M. Direction of the nearby galactic magnetic field inferred from a cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res. 1969, vol. 74, iss. 16, p. 4157. DOI: 10.1029/ JA074i016p04157. Schatten K.H., Wilcox J.M. Direction of the nearby galactic magnetic field inferred from a cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res. 1969, vol. 74, iss. 16, p. 4157. DOI: 10.1029/ JA074i016p04157. Schatten K.H., Wilcox J.M., Ness F.N. A model of interplanetary and coronal magnetic fields. Solar Phys. 1969, vol. 6, pp. 442-455. Schatten K.H., Wilcox J.M., Ness F.N. A model of interplanetary and coronal magnetic fields. Solar Phys. 1969, vol. 6, pp. 442-455. Sheeley N.R., Jr. Polar faculae during the interval 1906-1975. J. Geophys. Res. 1976, vol. 81, p. 3462. DOI: 10.1029/ JA081i019p03462. Sheeley N.R., Jr. Polar faculae during the interval 1906-1975. J. Geophys. Res. 1976, vol. 81, p. 3462. DOI: 10.1029/ JA081i019p03462. Sheeley N.R., Jr. A century of polar faculae variations. Astrophys. J. 2008, vol. 680, pp. 1553-1559. DOI: 10.1086/588251. Sheeley N.R., Jr. A century of polar faculae variations. Astrophys. J. 2008, vol. 680, pp. 1553-1559. DOI: 10.1086/588251. Shulz M. Interplanetary sector structure and the heliomagnetic equator. Astrophys. Space Sci. 1973, vol. 24, p. 371. DOI: 10.1007/BF02637162. Shulz M. Interplanetary sector structure and the heliomagnetic equator. Astrophys. Space Sci. 1973, vol. 24, p. 371. DOI: 10.1007/BF02637162. Simpson J.A. The primary cosmic ray spectrum and the transition region between interplanetary and interstellar space. Proc. 8th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1963, vol. 2, p. 155. Simpson J.A. The primary cosmic ray spectrum and the transition region between interplanetary and interstellar space. Proc. 8th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1963, vol. 2, p. 155. Simpson J.A. Cosmic ray astrophysics at Chicago (1947-1960). Astrophys. Space Sci. Library. 1985, vol. 118, p. 385. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5434-2_36. Simpson J.A. Cosmic ray astrophysics at Chicago (1947-1960). Astrophys. Space Sci. Library. 1985, vol. 118, p. 385. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5434-2_36. Simpson J.A. The cosmic ray nucleonic component: The invention and scientific uses of the neutron monitor, cosmic rays and Earth. Space Sci. Ser. ISSI. 2000, vol. 10, pp. 11-32. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1187-6_2. Simpson J.A. The cosmic ray nucleonic component: The invention and scientific uses of the neutron monitor, cosmic rays and Earth. Space Sci. Ser. ISSI. 2000, vol. 10, pp. 11-32. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1187-6_2. Smith E.J. The heliospheric current sheet. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, vol. 106, iss. A8, pp. 15819-15832. DOI: 10.1029/2000 JA000120. Smith E.J. The heliospheric current sheet. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, vol. 106, iss. A8, pp. 15819-15832. DOI: 10.1029/2000 JA000120. Smith E.J. Solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field: The Ulysses legacy. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2011, vol. 73, iss. 2-3, pp. 277-289. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.03.019. Smith E.J. Solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field: The Ulysses legacy. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2011, vol. 73, iss. 2-3, pp. 277-289. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.03.019. Storini M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Fluckiger E.O., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Sladkova A.I. The Gnevyshev gap: A review for space weather. Adv. Space Res. 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 895-900. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00789-5. Storini M., Bazilevskaya G.A., Fluckiger E.O., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Sladkova A.I. The Gnevyshev gap: A review for space weather. Adv. Space Res. 2003, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 895-900. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00789-5. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. 11-year modulation of cosmic ray intensity and distribution of spots in heliographic latitude. Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1969, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 803-808. (In Russian). Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. 11-year modulation of cosmic ray intensity and distribution of spots in heliographic latitude. Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1969, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 803-808. (In Russian). Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the role of the heliolatitudes of sunspots in the 11-year galactic cosmic ray modulation. Acta Phys. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae. 1970, vol. 29, suppl. 2, pp. 301-304. Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. On the role of the heliolatitudes of sunspots in the 11-year galactic cosmic ray modulation. Acta Phys. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae. 1970, vol. 29, suppl. 2, pp. 301-304. Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Bazilevskaya G.A., Svirzhevskaya A.K., Kvashnin A.N., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Klochkova T.N. Fluxes of cosmic rays in the maximum of absorption curve in the atmosphere and at the atmosphere boumdary (1957-2007). Preprint 14, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow. 2007, 77 p. Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Bazilevskaya G.A., Svirzhevskaya A.K., Kvashnin A.N., Krainev M.B., Makhmutov V.S., Klochkova T.N. Fluxes of cosmic rays in the maximum of absorption curve in the atmosphere and at the atmosphere boumdary (1957-2007). Preprint 14, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow. 2007, 77 p. Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Bazilevskaya G.A., Kvashnin A.N., Makhmutov V.S., Svirzhevskaya, A.K. Long-term (50 years) measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2009, vol. 44, pp. 1124-1137. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.038. Stozhkov Yu.I., Svirzhevsky N.S., Bazilevskaya G.A., Kvashnin A.N., Makhmutov V.S., Svirzhevskaya, A.K. Long-term (50 years) measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2009, vol. 44, pp. 1124-1137. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.038. Stozhkov Yu.I., Makhmutov V.S., Svirzhevsky N.S. About cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Universe. 2022, vol. 8, iss.11, p. 558. DOI: 10.3390/universe8110558. Stozhkov Yu.I., Makhmutov V.S., Svirzhevsky N.S. About cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Universe. 2022, vol. 8, iss.11, p. 558. DOI: 10.3390/universe8110558. Svirzhevskaya A.K., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. Anomalous effect in the spectrum of cosmic ray variations in 1971-1973. Proc. 14th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1975, vol. 3, pp. 985-989. Svirzhevskaya A.K., Stozhkov Yu.I., Charakhchyan T.N. Anomalous effect in the spectrum of cosmic ray variations in 1971-1973. Proc. 14th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 1975, vol. 3, pp. 985-989. Vecchio A., Laurenza M., Carbone V., Storini M. Quasi-biennial modulation of solar neutrino flux and solar and galactic cosmic rays by solar cyclic activity. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2010, vol. 709, pp. L1-L5. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/709/1/L1. Vecchio A., Laurenza M., Carbone V., Storini M. Quasi-biennial modulation of solar neutrino flux and solar and galactic cosmic rays by solar cyclic activity. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2010, vol. 709, pp. L1-L5. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/709/1/L1. Zhao X., Hoeksema J.T. A coronal magnetic field model with horizontal volume and sheet currents. Solar Phys. 1994, vol. 151, pp. 91-104. DOI: 10.1007/BF00654084. Zhao X., Hoeksema J.T. A coronal magnetic field model with horizontal volume and sheet currents. Solar Phys. 1994, vol. 151, pp. 91-104. DOI: 10.1007/BF00654084. URL: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/forecasts/SRS (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/forecasts/SRS (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: http://wso.stanford.edu (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: http://wso.stanford.edu (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: ftp://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/low_res_omni (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: ftp://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/low_res_omni (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: https://sites.lebedev.ru/en/DNS_FIAN (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: https://sites.lebedev.ru/en/DNS_FIAN (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: http://www.nmdb.eu (accessed October 14, 2023). URL: http://www.nmdb.eu (accessed October 14, 2023).