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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71051</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-101202410</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Photometrical observations and shape modeling of space debris in medium Earth orbits</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Фотометрические наблюдения и моделирование формы космического мусора на средневысотных орбитах</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коробцев</surname>
       <given-names>Иван Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korobtsev</surname>
       <given-names>Ivan Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>korobtsev@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мишина</surname>
       <given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mishina</surname>
       <given-names>Marina Nikolaevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mmish@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Караваев</surname>
       <given-names>Юрий Степанович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Karavaev</surname>
       <given-names>Yurii Stepanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Еселевич</surname>
       <given-names>Максим Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Eselevich</surname>
       <given-names>Maxim Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mesel@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Горяшин</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Егорович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Goryashin</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Egorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vgor@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-26T18:02:29+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-26T18:02:29+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>74</fpage>
   <lpage>82</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/71051/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/71051/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Глобальные навигационные спутниковые системы (ГНСС) ГЛОНАСС, GPS, Бэйдоу, Галилео используют круговые средневысотные околоземные орбиты с периодом около полусуток в диапазоне наклонений от 50° до 70°. Орбиты ГНСС являются важной эксплуатируемой областью околоземного космического пространства. Информация о присутствующем в этой области космическом мусоре (КМ) и его характеристиках крайне важна для оценок рисков и принятия мер по их предотвращению. В работе приводятся результаты фотометрических наблюдений объектов КМ в окрестностях орбит ГНСС с помощью 1.6-метрового телескопа АЗТ-33ИК Саянской солнечной обсерватории ИСЗФ СО РАН за период 2018–2023 гг. Показано распределение объектов КМ по плоскостям орбит ГНСС. Получены временные и фазовые зависимости видимого блеска всех измеренных объектов КМ. Построены средние кривые блеска КМ, определены периоды вращения объектов и их динамика. Приведены результаты моделирования кривой блеска, характерной для нескольких объектов КМ из области орбит ГНСС. Предложены форма космического объекта и параметры собственного вращения, которые соответствуют наблюдаемой кривой блеска.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The circular medium Earth orbits with a period of about half a day in the inclination range from 50° to 70° are used by various global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), such as GLONASS, GPS, Beidou, Galileo. GNSS operating orbits are one of the important areas in near-Earth space. The information about the space debris (SD) existing in this region and its characteristics is important for risk assessments and mitigation. We report the results of photometrical observations of SD objects in the vicinity of GNSS orbits obtained with the 1.6-meter AZT-33IK telescope of ISTP SB RAS Sayan Solar Observatory in 2018–2023. We show how SD objects existing in this region are distributed relative to GNSS objects. We derive time and phase dependences of the apparent brightness of all measured SD objects. Folded light curves are constructed, rotation periods and their dynamics are determined. The results of modeling the light curve inherent for several SD objects from the GNSS orbital are presented. We suggest a possible space object shape and parameters of proper rotation, which correspond to the observed light curve.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>космический мусор</kwd>
    <kwd>фотометрические наблюдения</kwd>
    <kwd>кривая блеска</kwd>
    <kwd>моделирование</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>space debris</kwd>
    <kwd>photometrical observations</kwd>
    <kwd>light curve</kwd>
    <kwd>modeling</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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