<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71961</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-94202304</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Solar flares with sustained gamma-ray emission and some characteristics of high-energy proton fluxes</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечные вспышки с продолжительным гамма-излучением и характеристики потоков протонов высоких энергий</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Томозов</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Михайлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tomozov</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Mihaylovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Минасянц</surname>
       <given-names>Геннадий Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Minasyants</surname>
       <given-names>Gennady Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Минасянц</surname>
       <given-names>Тамара Михайловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Minasyants</surname>
       <given-names>Tamara Mihaylovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Астрофизический институт им. В.Г. Фесенкова НАН РК</institution>
     <city>Алматы</city>
     <country>Казахстан</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute</institution>
     <city>Almaty</city>
     <country>Kazakhstan</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Астрофизический институт им. В.Г. Фесенкова НАН РК</institution>
     <city>Алматы</city>
     <country>Казахстан</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute</institution>
     <city>Almaty</city>
     <country>Kazakhstan</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20T13:18:19+03:00">
    <day>20</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20T13:18:19+03:00">
    <day>20</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>38</fpage>
   <lpage>43</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/71961/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/71961/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Описаны характеристики потоков продолжительного гамма-излучения с энергиями квантов &gt;100 МэВ, полученные по данным космического аппарата Fermi/LAT, на импульсной фазе наиболее энергичных вспышечных явлений. Проведено сравнение данных GOES о потоках протонов с энергиями более 500 МэВ с данными Fermi/LAT о потоках гамма-излучения за 2010–2018 гг. По результатам анализа данных о 32 гамма-вспышках из каталога Fermi/LAT было показано, что вспышечные явления можно отнести к трем различным типам: тип 1 — потоки гамма-излучения сопровождаются потоками энергичных протонов; тип 2 — гамма-излучение регистрируется при отсутствии возрастаний потоков протонов; тип 3 — во время возрастаний потоков энергичных протонов не регистрируются гамма-потоки. Отмечен всплесковый характер выделения энергии в жестком рентгеновском диапазоне у некоторых вспышек.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We describe the characteristics of long-term gamma fluxes with quantum energies &gt;100 MeV, obtained from Fermi/LAT data during the impulsive phase of the most energetic flare phenomena. We compare GOES data on proton fluxes with energies &gt;500 MeV with Fermi/LAT data on gamma fluxes for the period 2010–2018. The results of the analysis of all data obtained on 32 gamma-ray flares from the Fermi/LAT catalog show that the flare phenomena can be classified into three different types: type 1 — gamma fluxes accompanied by energetic proton fluxes; type 2 — gamma rays recorded in the absence of increases in proton fluxes; type 3 — gamma fluxes not recorded during observed increases in energetic proton fluxes. The burst character of energy release in the hard X-ray range was noted in some flares.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>вспышки</kwd>
    <kwd>корональные выбросы массы</kwd>
    <kwd>ускорение частиц</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>flares</kwd>
    <kwd>coronal mass ejections</kwd>
    <kwd>particle acceleration</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана Программой целевого финансирования BR05336383 Аэрокосмического комитета МОАП Республики Казахстан и финансированием в рамках Проекта II.16.3.1 Института солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Program of Targeted Financing BR05336383 of the Space Committee of MDDDAI of the Republic of Kazakhstan and by the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Project II.16.3.1)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алтынцев А.Т., Банин В.Г., Куклин Г.В., Томозов В.М. Солнечные вспышки. M.: Наука, 1982. 246 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altyntsev A.T., Banin V.G., Kuklin G.V., Tomozov V.M. Solnechnyye vspyshki [Solar Flares]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982. 246 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лившиц М.А. Солнечные вспышки: результаты наблюдений и газодинамические процессы. Плазменная гелиофизика.  M.: Наука, 2008. Т. 1. С. 60-81.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovko A.A., Kuklin G.V., Mordvinov A.V, Tomozov V.M. The role of shear motions in the production of a preflare situation. Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso. 1986, vol. 15, pp. 243-250.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасянц Г.С., Минасянц Т.М., Томозов В.М. Особенности развития длительных потоков высокоэнергичного гамма-излучения на разных стадиях солнечных вспышек. Солнечно-земная физика. 2019. Т. 5, № 3. С. 11-20. DOI: 10.12737/szf-53201902.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gopalswamy N., Makela P., Yashiro S., Lara A., Xie H., Akiyama S., MacDowall R.J. Interplanetary type II radio bursts from Wind/WAVES and sustained gamma-ray emission from Fermi/LAT: Evidence for shock source. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 868, no. 2, L19, 8 p. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaef36.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прист Э.Р., Форбс Т. Магнитное пересоединение. Магнитогидродинамическая теория и приложения. М.: Физматлит, 2005. 592 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gopalswamy N., Makela P., Yashiro S., Lara A., Xie H., Akiyama S., MacDowall R.J. Fermi, Wind and SOHO observations of sustained gamma-ray emission from the Sun. arXiv:1810.08958v1. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1810.08958.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golovko A.A., Kuklin G.V., Mordvinov A.V., Tomozov V.M. The role of shear motions in the production of a preflare situation. Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso. 1986. Vol. 15. P. 243-250.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grechnev V.V., Kiselev V.I., Kashapova L.K., Kochanov A.A., Zimovets I.V., Uralov A.M., Nizamov B.A., Grigorieva I.Y., et al. Radio, hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission associated with a far-side solar event. Solar Phys. 2018, vol. 293, iss. 10, id. 133, 31 p. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-018-1352-z.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gopalswamy N., Makela P., Yashiro S., et al. Interplanetary type II radio bursts from Wind/WAVES and sustained gamma-ray emission from Fermi/LAT: Evidence for shock source. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018. Vol. 868, no. 2, L19. 8 p. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaef36.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livshits M.A. Solar flares: observational results and gas-dynamics processes. Plazmennaya Geliofizika [Plasma Heliophysics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2008, vol. 1, pp. 60-81. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gopalswamy N., Makela P., Yashiro S., et al. Fermi, Wind and SOHO observations of sustained gamma-ray emission from the Sun. arXiv:1810.08958v1. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1810.08958.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manchester W., Kilpua K.J., Liu Y.D., Lugaz N., Riley P., Török T., Vršnak B. The physical processes of CME/ICME evolution. Space Sci. Rev. 2017, vol. 212, pp.1159-1219. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0394-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grechnev V.V., Kiselev V.I., Kashapova L.K., Kochanov A.A., et al. Radio, hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission associated with a far-side solar event. Solar Phys. 2018. Vol. 293, iss. 10. id. 133, 31 p. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-018-1352-z.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyants G.S., Minasyants T.M., Tomozov V.M. Features of development of gamma-rays in a solar flare February 25, 2014. News National Academy RK, Phys.-Math. Ser. 2018, vol. 4, No. 320, pp. 15-21.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manchester W., Kilpua K.J., Liu Y.D., et al. The physical processes of CME/ICME evolution. Space Sci. Rev. 2017. Vol. 212. P. 1159-1219. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0394-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyants G.S., Minasyants T.M., Tomozov V.M. Features of development of sustained fluxes of high-energy gamma-ray emission at different stages of solar flares. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2019, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 10-17. DOI: 10.12737/stp-53201902.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minasyants G.S., Minasyants T.M., Tomozov V.M. Features of development of gamma-rays in a solar flare February 25, 2014. News National Academy RK, Phys.-Math. Ser. 2018. Vol. 4, no. 320. P. 15-21.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy R.J., Dermer C.D., Ramaty R. High-energy processes in solar flares. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 1987, vol. 63, pp. 721-748. DOI: 10.1086/191180.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy R.J., Dermer C.D., Ramaty R. High-energy processes in solar flares. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 1987. Vol. 63. P. 721-748. DOI: 10.1086/191180.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omodei N., Pesce-Rollins M., Longo F. Allafort A., Krucker S. Fermi-LAT Observations of the 2017 September 10th Solar Flare. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018, vol. 865, no. 1, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aae077.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omodei N., Pesce-Rollins М., Longo F., et al. Fermi-LAT observations of the 2017 September 10th solar flare. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2018. Vol. 865, no. 1. P. 1-6. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aae077.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov I., Rouillard A.P., Share G.H. The magnetic connectivity of coronal shocks from behind-the-limb flares to the visible solar surface during γ-ray events. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2017, vol. 608, A43. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730804.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov I., Rouillard A.P., Share G.H. The magnetic connectivity of coronal shocks from behind-the-limb flares to the visible solar surface during γ-ray events. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2017. Vol. 608, A43. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730804.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priest E.R., Forbes T. Magnetic Reconnection: MHD Theory and Applications Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, 612 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Share G.H., Murphy R.J., Tolbert A.K., et al. Characteristics of sustained &gt;100 MeV gamma-ray emission associated with solar flares. arXiv. 2017. 83 p. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1711.01511.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Share G.H., Murphy R.J., Tolbert A.K., Dennis B.R., White S.M., Schwartz R.A., Tylka A.J. Characteristics of sustained &gt;100 MeV gamma-ray emission associated with solar flares. arXiv. 2017. 83 p. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1711.01511.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Share G.H., Murphy R.J., White S.M., Tolbert A.K., et al. Characteristics of late-phase &gt;100 MeV gamma-ray emission in solar eruptive events. Astrophys. J. 2018. Vol. 869, 182. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaebf7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Share G.H., Murphy R.J., White S.M., Tolbert A.K., Dennis B.R., Schwartz R.A., et al. Characteristics of late-phase &gt;100 MeV gamma-ray emission in solar eruptive events. Astrophys. J. 2018, vol. 869, 182. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaebf7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Somov B.V. Plasma Astrophysics: Reconnection and Flares. New York: Springer, 2013. 504 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somov B.V. Plasma Astrophysics: Reconnection and Flares. New York, Springer, 2013, 504 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tylka A.J., Share G.H., William W.F., et al. Solar protons above 500 MeV in the Sun’s atmosphere and in interplanetary space. Geophys. Res. Abstracts. 2014. Vol. 16, EGU 2014-16847.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tylka A.J., Share G.H., Dietrich W.F., Murphy R.J., Ng C.K., Shea M.A., Smart D.F. Solar protons above 500 MeV in the Sun’s atmosphere and in interplanetary space. Geophys. Res. Abstracts. 2014, vol. 16, EGU 2014-16847.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/UNIVERSAL_ver1/2017_09/univ2017_09.html (дата обращения 17 сентября 2023 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/UNIVERSAL_ ver1/2017_09/univ2017_09.html (accessed September 17, 2023).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html (дата обращения 17 сентября 2023 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html (accessed September 17, 2023).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
