<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Лесотехнический журнал</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2222-7962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">72816</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.3/5</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">eynoaa</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Nature Management</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Tree inventory in urban areas using smartphone</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Инвентаризация древесных насаждений урбанизированных территорий с использованием смартфона</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лебедев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Вячеславович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lebedev</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>alebedev@rgau-msha.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of agricultural sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет,  Московская сельскохозяйственная академия имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-27T15:07:33+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-27T15:07:33+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>13</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>56</fpage>
   <lpage>70</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-31T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>31</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-3-51/tree-inventory-urban-areas-using-smartphone">http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-3-51/tree-inventory-urban-areas-using-smartphone</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В последние годы для сбора биометрических показателей деревьев разрабатывается специализированное программное обеспечение для смартфонов, в том числе с использованием встроенных датчиков LiDAR. Мобильные приложения для таксации деревьев и древостоев находятся еще только на начальном пути своего развития, поэтому требуется сопоставление получаемых с их использованием данных с данными измерений, полученными с применением традиционных методов. Для России технология определения таксационных показателей и картографирование деревьев с применением смартфона остается не апробированной. Поэтому целью исследования являлось изучение возможности использования смартфона (приложение Arboreal Forest) для определения таксационных показателей и картирования деревьев на примере старовозрастных аллейных посадок. Исследование проводилось в старовозрастных аллейных посадках липы мелколистной (Tilia cordata Mill.) на территории бывшего Зоотехнического техникума, расположенного в пос. Екимцево Кологривского муниципального округа Костромской обл. Сбор данных проводился в июле 2023 года с применением 1) традиционного метода и 2) приложения Arboreal Forest. Точность полученных результатов соответствует требованиям к таксации, обозначенным в лесоустроительной инструкции. Для объекта исследования выявлено, что отклонение среднеквадратического диаметра, рассчитанного по данным Arboreal Forest (47,3 см), от данных измерений мерной вилкой (48,8 см) составило -3,1 % (-1,5 см), а суммы площадей поперечных сечений -6,18 % или -3,28 м2. Также по сравнению с традиционным методом Arboreal Forest имеет тенденцию к занижению диаметров стволов (особенно для крупномерных деревьев) и, как следствие, площадей поперечных сечений.  Структура ряда распределения деревьев по ступеням толщины Arboreal Forest в целом близка ряду распределения, полученному традиционным способом.  В перспективе приложения для смартфонов могут стать эффективной альтернативой традиционным методам проведения перечислительной таксации и инвентаризации зеленых насаждений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In recent years, specialized software for smartphones has been developed to collect biometric indicators of trees, including the use of built-in LiDAR sensors. Mobile applications for the inventory of trees and forest stands are still at the initial stage of their development; therefore, it is necessary to compare the data obtained with their use with the measurement data obtained using traditional methods. For Russia, the technology for determining tree and stand indicators and mapping trees using a smartphone remains untested. Therefore, the aim of the study was to study the possibility of using a smartphone (Arboreal Forest application) to determine tree indicators and map trees using the example of old-growth alley plantings. The study was carried out in old-growth alley plantings of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the territory of the former Zootechnical College, located in the Ekimtsevo village, Kologrivsky District, Kostroma Region. Data collection was conducted in July 2023 using 1) the traditional method and 2) the Arboreal Forest application. The accuracy of the results obtained corresponds to the requirements for inventory indicated in the forest inventory instructions. For the object of study, it was revealed that the deviation of the quadratic mean diameter calculated according to the Arboreal Forest data (47.3 cm) from the measurement data with a caliper (48.8 cm) was -3.1% (-1.5 cm), and basal areas -6.18 % or -3.28 m2. Also, compared to the traditional method, Arboreal Forest tends to underestimate trunk diameters (especially for large trees) and, as a result, basal areas. The structure of the tree distribution series by Arboreal Forest tree diameter distribution is generally close to the distribution series obtained by the traditional method. In the future, applications for smartphones can become an effective alternative to traditional methods of tree and stand inventory.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>подеревная инвентаризация</kwd>
    <kwd>липа мелколистная</kwd>
    <kwd>Tilia cordata Mill.</kwd>
    <kwd>таксация</kwd>
    <kwd>Arboreal Forest</kwd>
    <kwd>iPhone LiDAR</kwd>
    <kwd>смартфон</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>tree inventory</kwd>
    <kwd>Tilia cordata Mill.</kwd>
    <kwd>stand inventory</kwd>
    <kwd>Arboreal Forest</kwd>
    <kwd>iPhone LiDAR</kwd>
    <kwd>smartphone</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-76-01016, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-01016/</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">this study has been supported by the grants the Russian Science Foundation, RSF 23-76-01016, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-01016/.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е.А., Николаева О.Н., Трубина Л.К. Опыт подеревной инвентаризации и картографирования городских зеленых насаждений общего пользования. ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС. 2021; 27(3): 274-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-3-27-274-284.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil'eva E.A., Nikolaeva O.N., Trubina L.K. Opyt poderevnoy inventarizacii i kartografirovaniya gorodskih zelenyh nasazhdeniy obschego pol'zovaniya. InterKarto. InterGIS. 2021; 27(3): 274-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-3-27-274-284.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муллаярова П.И. О необходимости совершенствования методики инвентаризации городских зеленых насаждений. Интерэкспо Гео-Сибирь. 2017; 4(2): 180-185. - Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29197832.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullayarova P.I. O neobhodimosti sovershenstvovaniya metodiki inventarizacii gorodskih zelenyh nasazhdeniy. Interekspo Geo-Sibir'. 2017; 4(2): 180-185. - Rezhim dostupa: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29197832.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebedev A.V. Changes in the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in an urban environment in European Russia since 1862. Journal of Forestry Research. 2023; 34: 1279-1287. DOI: https://doi.org/110.1007/s11676-022-01569-z.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedev A.V. Changes in the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in an urban environment in European Russia since 1862. Journal of Forestry Research. 2023; 34: 1279-1287. DOI: https://doi.org/110.1007/s11676-022-01569-z.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черданцева О.А., Жукова Е.А. О важности создания единой методики инвентаризации зеленых насаждений исторических садов в Санкт-Петербурге. Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии. 2018; 222: 6-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2018.222.6-22.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherdanceva O.A., Zhukova E.A. O vazhnosti sozdaniya edinoy metodiki inventarizacii zelenyh nasazhdeniy istoricheskih sadov v Sankt-Peterburge. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskoy lesotehnicheskoy akademii. 2018; 222: 6-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2018.222.6-22.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муллаярова П.И. О модернизации существующей методики инвентаризации зеленых насаждений с учетом современных достижений аэрокосмических исследований и ГИС-технологий. Вестник СГУГиТ (Сибирского государственного университета геосистем и технологий). 2018; 23(1): 132-141. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32834054.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullayarova P.I. O modernizacii suschestvuyuschey metodiki inventarizacii zelenyh nasazhdeniy s uchetom sovremennyh dostizheniy aerokosmicheskih issledovaniy i GIS-tehnologiy. Vestnik SGUGiT (Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta geosistem i tehnologiy). 2018; 23(1): 132-141. Rezhim dostupa: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32834054.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злобин Д.В. Инвентаризация городских зеленых насаждений с использованием цифровых технологий. Экология: вчера, сегодня, завтра: Материалы всероссийской научно-практической конференции, Грозный, 30 октября 2019 года. Грозный: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью &quot;АЛЕФ&quot;, 2019: 206-211. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41421672.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zlobin D.V. Inventarizaciya gorodskih zelenyh nasazhdeniy s ispol'zovaniem cifrovyh tehnologiy. Ekologiya: vchera, segodnya, zavtra: Materialy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, Groznyy, 30 oktyabrya 2019 goda. Groznyy: Obschestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu &quot;ALEF&quot;, 2019: 206-211. Rezhim dostupa: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41421672.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трубина Л.К., Николаева О.Н., Муллаярова П.И., Баранова Е.И. Инвентаризация городских зеленых насаждений средствами ГИС. Вестник СГУГиТ (Сибирского государственного университета геосистем и технологий). 2017; 22(3): 107-118. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30037544.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trubina L.K., Nikolaeva O.N., Mullayarova P.I., Baranova E.I. Inventarizaciya gorodskih zelenyh nasazhdeniy sredstvami GIS. Vestnik SGUGiT (Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta geosistem i tehnologiy). 2017; 22(3): 107-118. Rezhim dostupa: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30037544.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonzo M., Bookhagen B., Roberts D.A. Urban tree species mapping using hyperspectral and lidar data fusion. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2014; 148: 70-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.018.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonzo M., Bookhagen B., Roberts D.A. Urban tree species mapping using hyperspectral and lidar data fusion. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2014; 148: 70-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.018.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабонен А.В., Иванова Н.В. Оценка биометрических характеристик деревьев по данным наземного lidar и разносезонной аэрофотосъемки в искусственных насаждениях. Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука. 2023; 8(1): 64-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabonen A.V., Ivanova N.V. Ocenka biometricheskih harakteristik derev'ev po dannym nazemnogo lidar i raznosezonnoy aerofotos'emki v iskusstvennyh nasazhdeniyah. Nature Conservation Research. Zapovednaya nauka. 2023; 8(1): 64-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Устинов С.М., Митрофанов Е.М., Устинов М.В. Исследование возможности использования наземного мобильного лазерного сканера для определения высот и диаметров деревьев в сосновых насаждениях. Вестник Бурятской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии им. В.Р. Филиппова. 2023; 1(70): 134-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34655/bgsha.2023.70.1.016.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustinov S.M., Mitrofanov E.M., Ustinov M.V. Issledovanie vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya nazemnogo mobil'nogo lazernogo skanera dlya opredeleniya vysot i diametrov derev'ev v sosnovyh nasazhdeniyah. Vestnik Buryatskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii im. V.R. Filippova. 2023; 1(70): 134-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34655/bgsha.2023.70.1.016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proudman A., Ramezani M., Digumarti S.T., Chebrolu N., Fallon M. Towards real-time forest inventory using handheld LiDAR. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 2022; 157: 104240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2022.104240.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proudman A., Ramezani M., Digumarti S.T., Chebrolu N., Fallon M. Towards real-time forest inventory using handheld LiDAR. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 2022; 157: 104240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2022.104240.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritter T., Schwarz M., Tockner A., Leisch F., Nothdurft A. Automatic mapping of forest stands based on three-dimensional point clouds derived from terrestrial laser-scanning. Forests. 2017; 8: 265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080265.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritter T., Schwarz M., Tockner A., Leisch F., Nothdurft A. Automatic mapping of forest stands based on three-dimensional point clouds derived from terrestrial laser-scanning. Forests. 2017; 8: 265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080265.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollob C., Ritter T., Wassermann C., Nothdurft A. Influence of Scanner Position and Plot Size on the Accuracy of Tree Detection and Diameter Estimation Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Plots. Remote Sens. 2019; 11: 1602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131602</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollob C., Ritter T., Wassermann C., Nothdurft A. Influence of Scanner Position and Plot Size on the Accuracy of Tree Detection and Diameter Estimation Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Plots. Remote Sens. 2019; 11: 1602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131602</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eitel J.U.H., Vierling L.A., Magney T.S. A lightweight, low cost autonomously operating terrestrial laser scanner for quantifying and monitoring ecosystem structural dynamics. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2013; 180: 86-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eitel J.U.H., Vierling L.A., Magney T.S. A lightweight, low cost autonomously operating terrestrial laser scanner for quantifying and monitoring ecosystem structural dynamics. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2013; 180: 86-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunting P., Armston J., Lucas R.M., Clewley D. Sorted pulse data (SPD) library. Part I: A generic file format for LiDAR data from pulsed laser systems in terrestrial environments. Computers and Geosciences. 2013; 56: 197-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.019.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunting P., Armston J., Lucas R.M., Clewley D. Sorted pulse data (SPD) library. Part I: A generic file format for LiDAR data from pulsed laser systems in terrestrial environments. Computers and Geosciences. 2013; 56: 197-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.019.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costantino D., Vozza G., Pepe M., Alfio V.S. Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges. Applied System Innovation. 2022; 5: 63. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.3390/asi5040063.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costantino D., Vozza G., Pepe M., Alfio V.S. Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges. Applied System Innovation. 2022; 5: 63. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.3390/asi5040063.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomaštík J., Saloň Š., Tunák D., Chudý F., Kardoš M. Tango in forests - An initial experience of the use of the new Google technology in connection with forest inventory tasks. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2017; 141: 109-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.07.015.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomaštík J., Saloň Š., Tunák D., Chudý F., Kardoš M. Tango in forests - An initial experience of the use of the new Google technology in connection with forest inventory tasks. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2017; 141: 109-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.07.015.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyyppä J., Virtanen J.-P., Jaakkola A., Yu X., Hyyppä H., Liang X. Feasibility of Google Tango and Kinect for Crowdsourcing Forestry Information. Forests. 2018; 9(1): 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyyppä J., Virtanen J.-P., Jaakkola A., Yu X., Hyyppä H., Liang X. Feasibility of Google Tango and Kinect for Crowdsourcing Forestry Information. Forests. 2018; 9(1): 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spreafico A., Chiabrando F., Teppati Losè L., Giulio Tonolo F. The iPad Pro Built-in Lidar Sensor: 3D Rapid Mapping Tests and Quality Assessment. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2021. 2021; 43: 63-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2021-63-2021.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spreafico A., Chiabrando F., Teppati Losè L., Giulio Tonolo F. The iPad Pro Built-in Lidar Sensor: 3D Rapid Mapping Tests and Quality Assessment. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2021. 2021; 43: 63-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2021-63-2021.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luetzenburg G., Kroon A., Bjørk A.A. Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11: 22221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luetzenburg G., Kroon A., Bjørk A.A. Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11: 22221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogt M., Rips A., Emmelmann C. Comparison of iPad Pro®’s LiDAR and TrueDepth Capabilities with an Industrial 3D Scanning Solution. Technologies. 2021; 9(2): 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies9020025.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogt M., Rips A., Emmelmann C. Comparison of iPad Pro®’s LiDAR and TrueDepth Capabilities with an Industrial 3D Scanning Solution. Technologies. 2021; 9(2): 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies9020025.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollob C., Ritter T., Kraßnitzer R., Tockner A., Nothdurft A. Measurement of Forest Inventory Parameters with Apple iPad Pro and Integrated LiDAR Technology. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13: 3129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163129.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollob C., Ritter T., Kraßnitzer R., Tockner A., Nothdurft A. Measurement of Forest Inventory Parameters with Apple iPad Pro and Integrated LiDAR Technology. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13: 3129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163129.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woo H., Kim I., Choi B. Computer Vision Techniques in Forest Inventory Assessment: Improving Accuracy of Tree Diameter Measurement Using Smartphone Camera and Photogrammetry. Sensors and Materials. 2021; 33(11): 3835-3845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM.2021.3605.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woo H., Kim I., Choi B. Computer Vision Techniques in Forest Inventory Assessment: Improving Accuracy of Tree Diameter Measurement Using Smartphone Camera and Photogrammetry. Sensors and Materials. 2021; 33(11): 3835-3845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM.2021.3605.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandim A., Amaro M., Silva M.E., Cunha J., Morais S., Marques A., Ferreira A., Lousada J.L., Fonseca T. New Technologies for Expedited Forest Inventory Using Smartphone Applications. Forests. 2023; 14: 1553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f14081553.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandim A., Amaro M., Silva M.E., Cunha J., Morais S., Marques A., Ferreira A., Lousada J.L., Fonseca T. New Technologies for Expedited Forest Inventory Using Smartphone Applications. Forests. 2023; 14: 1553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f14081553.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitkänen T.P., Räty M., Hyvönen P., Korhonen K.T., Vauhkonen J. Using auxiliary data to rationalize smartphone-based pre-harvest forest mensuration. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research. 2022; 95(2): 247-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab039.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitkänen T.P., Räty M., Hyvönen P., Korhonen K.T., Vauhkonen J. Using auxiliary data to rationalize smartphone-based pre-harvest forest mensuration. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research. 2022; 95(2): 247-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab039.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatsumi S., Yamaguchi K., Furuya N. ForestScanner: A mobile application for measuring and mapping trees with LiDAR-equipped iPhone and iPad. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2023; 14: 1603-1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13900.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatsumi S., Yamaguchi K., Furuya N. ForestScanner: A mobile application for measuring and mapping trees with LiDAR-equipped iPhone and iPad. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2023; 14: 1603-1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13900.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pace R., Masini E., Giuliarelli D., Biagiola L., Tomao A., Guidolotti G., Agrimi M., Portoghesi L., De Angelis P., Calfapietra C. Tree Measurements in the Urban Environment: Insights from Traditional and Digital Field Instruments to Smartphone Applications. Arboriculture &amp; Urban Forestry (AUF). 2022; 48 (2): 113-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2022.009.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pace R., Masini E., Giuliarelli D., Biagiola L., Tomao A., Guidolotti G., Agrimi M., Portoghesi L., De Angelis P., Calfapietra C. Tree Measurements in the Urban Environment: Insights from Traditional and Digital Field Instruments to Smartphone Applications. Arboriculture &amp; Urban Forestry (AUF). 2022; 48 (2): 113-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2022.009.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindberg L. Forest data acquisition with the application Arboreal Forest: A study about measurement precision, accuracy and efficiency. Umeå, 2020: 54. Режим доступа: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15456/7/lindberg_l_200331.pdf</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindberg L. Forest data acquisition with the application Arboreal Forest: A study about measurement precision, accuracy and efficiency. Umeå, 2020: 54. Rezhim dostupa: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15456/7/lindberg_l_200331.pdf</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luetzenburg G., Kroon A., Bjørk A.A. Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 22221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luetzenburg G., Kroon A., Bjørk A.A. Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 22221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роувинен Т. Трестима - цифровые фотографии для таксации леса. Сибирский лесной журнал. 2014; 5: 69-76. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22740162.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rouvinen T. Trestima - cifrovye fotografii dlya taksacii lesa. Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal. 2014; 5: 69-76. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22740162.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpentier M., Giguère P., Gaudreault J. Tree Species Identification from Bark Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, Spain. 2018; 1075-1081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8593514.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpentier M., Giguère P., Gaudreault J. Tree Species Identification from Bark Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, Spain. 2018; 1075-1081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8593514.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robert M., Dallaire P., Giguère P. Tree bark re-identification using a deep-learning feature descriptor. 17th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV), Ottawa, ON, Canada. 2020; 25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV50864.2020.00012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robert M., Dallaire P., Giguère P. Tree bark re-identification using a deep-learning feature descriptor. 17th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV), Ottawa, ON, Canada. 2020; 25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV50864.2020.00012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелев С.Л. Состояние и перспективы совершенствования нормативной базы таксации товарной структуры древостоев Сибири. Лесная таксация и лесоустройство. 2008; 1(39): 101-105. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21196651.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevelev S.L. Sostoyanie i perspektivy sovershenstvovaniya normativnoy bazy taksacii tovarnoy struktury drevostoev Sibiri. Lesnaya taksaciya i lesoustroystvo. 2008; 1(39): 101-105. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21196651.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kottner S., Thali M.J.., Gascho D. Using the iPhone's LiDAR technology to capture 3D forensic data at crime and crash scenes. Forensic Imaging. 2023; 32: 200535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2023.200535.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kottner S., Thali M.J.., Gascho D. Using the iPhone's LiDAR technology to capture 3D forensic data at crime and crash scenes. Forensic Imaging. 2023; 32: 200535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2023.200535.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monsalve A., Yager E.M., Tonina D. Evaluating Apple iPhone LiDAR measurements of topography and roughness elements in coarse bedded streams. Journal of Ecohydraulics. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2023.2204087.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monsalve A., Yager E.M., Tonina D. Evaluating Apple iPhone LiDAR measurements of topography and roughness elements in coarse bedded streams. Journal of Ecohydraulics. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2023.2204087.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
