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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7318</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/13459</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Global distribution of GPS losses of phase lock and total electron content slips during the 2005 May 15 and the 2003 November 20 magnetic storms</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Глобальное распределение срывов сопровождения фазы GPS и сбоев измерения полного электронного содержания во время магнитных бурь 15 мая 2005 г. и 20 ноября 2003 г.</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ясюкевич</surname>
       <given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yasyukevich</surname>
       <given-names>Yury Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>yasukevich@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Астафьева</surname>
       <given-names>Эльвира Идияловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Astafyeva</surname>
       <given-names>Elvira Idiyalovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>astafyeva@ipgp.fr</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Живетьев</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Валерьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhivetiev</surname>
       <given-names>Ilya Valer'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>i.zhivetiev@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Максиков</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Петрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Maksikov</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksey Petrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>79293@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Парижский институт физики Земли</institution>
     <city>Париж</city>
     <country>Франция</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris</institution>
     <city>Paris</city>
     <country>France</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космофизических исследований и распростра-нения радиоволн ДВО РАН</institution>
     <city>Паратунка</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propa-gation FEB RAS</institution>
     <city>Paratunka</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Камчатский государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Петропавловск-Камчатский</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kamchatka State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>1</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>58</fpage>
   <lpage>65</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/7318/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/7318/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>На основе данных глобальной сети приемников GPS рассмотрены срывы сопровождения фазы навигационного сигнала GPS во время двух сильных магнитных бурь. Показано, что плотность сбоев на основной частоте L1 увеличивается до 0.25 %, на вспомогательной частоте L2 — до 3 %, в разы превышая фоновый уровень. Число сбоев измерения полного электронного содержания (ПЭС) во время супербури 20 ноября 2003 г. возросло в ~50 раз относительно фонового уровня. Обнаружено, что во время супербурь наибольшее число сбоев сопровождения фазы наблюдается в регионах низких и высоких широт. В то же время область наибольших сбоев измерения ПЭС соответствует границам аврорального овала.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Using data of worldwide network of GPS receivers we investigated losses of GPS phase lock (LoL) during two strong magnetic storms. At fundamental L1 frequency, LoL density is found to increase up to 0.25 % and at L2 frequency the increase is up to 3 %. This is several times as much compared with the background level. During the 2003 November 20 magnetic storm, the number of total electron content (TEC) slips exceeded the background level ~50 times. During superstorms, the most number of GPS LoL is observed at low and high latitudes. At the same time, the area of numerous TEC slips correspond to auroral oval boundaries.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>магнитная буря</kwd>
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>срывы сопровождения фазы</kwd>
    <kwd>сбои измерения ПЭС</kwd>
    <kwd>авроральный овал</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>magnetic storm</kwd>
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>loss of phase lock</kwd>
    <kwd>TEC slips</kwd>
    <kwd>auroral oval</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>ВВЕДЕНИЕГлобальные навигационные спутниковые системы (ГНСС) предоставили широкие возможности для решения задач позиционирования по всему земному шару [Hofmann-Wellenhof etal., 1992], а также задач мониторинга ионосферной плазмы в глобальном масштабе [Афраймович, Перевалова, 2006; Afraimovich etal., 2013]. Во время магнитных бурь ионосфера претерпевает существенные изменения. Отдельные явления, называемые супербурями, приводят к качественному изменению глобальной динамики ионосферной плазмы: может наблюдаться развитие суперфонтан-эффекта, при котором значения полного электронного содержания (ПЭС) в гребнях экваториальной аномалии достигают 180–200 TECU, а также регистрируется значительное смещение гребней экваториальной аномалии на 10–15° от положения в спокойных условиях [Tsurutani etal., 2004; Mannucci et al., 2005;Astafyevaetal., 2007; Astafyeva, 2009a, b].Ионосферные эффекты во время сильных бурь могут приводить к нарушению работы радиотехнических систем, в том числе и ГНСС. Мерцания амплитуды навигационного сигнала вследствие рассеяния на мелкомасштабных неоднородностях, а также мерцания фазы могут приводить к срыву сопровождения фазы сигнала и невозможности осуществлять оценку радиофизических параметров сигнала. Наиболее существенно на параметры сигнала влияют неоднородности размером порядка первой зоны Френеля [Yeh, Liu, 1982; Pietal., 1997], для частот GPS (1.227 и 1.575 ГГц) это 150–300 м (для неоднородностей, расположенных на высотах E- и F-областей) [Yeh, Liu, 1982; Pietal., 1997; Afraimovichetal., 2009].Опубликовано большое количество работ, посвященных устойчивости GPS во время геомагнитных возмущений [Skone, deJong, 2000, 2001; Dohertyetal., 2001; Afraimovichetal., 2002, 2003, 2011; Ledvinaetal., 2002; Jakowskietal., 2005, 2007; Basuetal., 2008; RamaRaoetal., 2009; Bergeotetal., 2011; Pi et al., 2011, 2013]. При этом в литературе практически не исследуются ни зависимость этих эффектов от интенсивности бури, ни пространственные особенности таких эффектов в глобальном масштабе.В настоящей статье рассматриваются фазовые сбои GPS во время двух бурь: 15 мая 2005 г. и 20 ноября 2003 г. Буря 20 ноября 2003 г. является одной из супербурь 23-го цикла солнечной активности. Для бури 15 мая отсутствуют уверенные свидетельства в пользу того, что данное событие является супербурей, например смещение гребней экваториальной аномалии или значительное увеличение электронной концентрации в дневной ионосфере [Astafyeva, 2009a; Abreuetal., 2010].Целью настоящей работы является  анализ пространственного распределения срывов сопровождения фазы и сбоев измерения ПЭС во время указанных магнитных бурь. </p>
 </body>
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