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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Transport engineering</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Transport engineering</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Транспортное машиностроение</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2782-5957</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">75899</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30987/2782-5957-2024-3-70-84</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Материаловедение и технологии материалов</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Material Science and Materials Engineering</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Материаловедение и технологии материалов</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">INFLUENCE OF IMPURITIES ON THE DEGRADATION  OF COMPOUNDS IN Al – Au SYSTEM</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕСЕЙ НА ДЕГРАДАЦИЮ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ  В СИСТЕМЕ Al – Au</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-0500</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Макаренко</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Makarenko</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin Vasilievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>makkon1@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-0199</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Котлярова</surname>
       <given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kotlyarova</surname>
       <given-names>Irina Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ikotlyarova@list.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Брянский государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Брянск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Bryansk State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Bryansk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Брянский государственный технический университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Bryansk State Technical University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29T08:22:18+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29T08:22:18+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2024</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>70</fpage>
   <lpage>84</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>28</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/75899/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/75899/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Рассмотрены типичные причины деградации микросварных биметаллических соединений бинарной системы алюминий – золото. Данные типы соединений часто применяются в производстве полупроводниковых изделий (ППИ) и интегральных микросхем (ИМ). Деградация соединений, проявляющаяся при отбраковочных испытаниях или в процессе эксплуатации изделий, приводит к появлению отказов, что резко снижает надежность радиоэлектронной аппаратуры (РЭА). В основе большинства деградационных процессов лежат явления диффузии, которые преимущественно определяются температурой, химическим составом и микроструктурой металлов и сплавов. Примесные элементы, входящие в состав золотого покрытия, оказывают существенное влияние на деградацию проволочных соединений «контактные площадки кристалла – траверсы выводов корпуса» ППИ. В этой связи представляется интересным проанализировать влияние различных примесей на процессы диффузии и изменение микроструктуры покрытия для выявления наиболее опасных химических элементов и определения их роли в механизмах деградации соединений. В статье представлен обзорный анализ литературных данных по теме исследования. В заключении обобщены результаты работ в области анализа влияния примесных элементов на деградацию соединений в системе Al – Au, сделаны выводы о решающей роли зернограничной диффузии на механизмы деградации микросварных биметаллических соединений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Typical reasons for degradation of micro–welded bimetallic compounds of the aluminum-gold binary system are considered. These types of compounds are often used in the manufacture of semiconductor products (SCPs) and integrated circuits (ICs). Degradation of compounds, revealed during screen tests or during products operating, leads to failures, which dramatically reduces the reliability of electronic equipment (EE). The majority of degradation processes are based on diffusion phenomena, which are mainly determined by temperature, chemical composition and microstructure of metals and alloys. Impurity elements included in the gold coating have a significant effect on the degradation of the wire connections such as crystal contact pads – traverses of package terminals of SCPs. In this regard, it is worth analyzing the effect of various impurities on the diffusion processes and changes in the microstructure of the coating in order to find out the most dangerous chemical elements and determine their role in the degradation of compounds. The paper presents a review of references on the research subject. In the conclusion, the results of analysis in the field of the influence of impurity elements on the degradation of compounds in Al – Au system are summarized, conclusions are drawn about the key role of grain-boundary diffusion on the degradation of micro-welded bimetallic compounds.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>золотое покрытие</kwd>
    <kwd>примесь</kwd>
    <kwd>алюминиевая проволока</kwd>
    <kwd>эффект Киркендалла</kwd>
    <kwd>деградация</kwd>
    <kwd>отказ</kwd>
    <kwd>надежность</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>gold coating</kwd>
    <kwd>impurity</kwd>
    <kwd>aluminum wire</kwd>
    <kwd>Kirkendall effect</kwd>
    <kwd>degradation</kwd>
    <kwd>failure</kwd>
    <kwd>reliability</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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