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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">82248</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-103202414</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ДЕВЯТНАДЦАТАЯ ЕЖЕГОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ФИЗИКА ПЛАЗМЫ В СОЛНЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ», 5–9 ФЕВРАЛЯ 2024 Г., ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ РАН, МОСКВА, РОССИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>19TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE “PLASMA PHYSICS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM”. FEBRUARY 5–9, 2024, SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ДЕВЯТНАДЦАТАЯ ЕЖЕГОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ФИЗИКА ПЛАЗМЫ В СОЛНЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ», 5–9 ФЕВРАЛЯ 2024 Г., ИНСТИТУТ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ РАН, МОСКВА, РОССИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Features of Earth’s lower ionosphere during solar eclipse and sunset and sunrise hours according to measurements by the API method near Nizhny Novgorod</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Особенности нижней ионосферы Земли во время затмений Солнца и в заходно-восходные часы по измерениям методом ИПН вблизи Нижнего Новгорода</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бахметьева</surname>
       <given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bahmetieva</surname>
       <given-names>Nataliya Vladimirovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nv_bakhm@nirfi.unn.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Григорьев</surname>
       <given-names>Геннадий Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Grigoriev</surname>
       <given-names>Gennadiy Ivanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>grig19@list.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жемяков</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhemyakov</surname>
       <given-names>Ilia Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ilia.zhem@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Калинина</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Евгеньевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kalinina</surname>
       <given-names>Elena Evgenevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kalinina@nirfi.unn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лисов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lisov</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksander Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lisov@nirfi.unn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute Lobachevsky State University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute Lobachevsky State University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute Lobachevsky State University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute Lobachevsky State University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution>
     <city>Нижний Новгород</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Radiophysical Research Institute Lobachevsky State University</institution>
     <city>Nizhny Novgorod</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-29T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>129</fpage>
   <lpage>145</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/82248/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/82248/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований отклика нижней ионосферы Земли на частное солнечное затмение, которые проводились методом резонансного рассеяния радиоволн на искусственных периодических неоднородностях (ИПН) ионосферной плазмы. Неоднородности создавались в поле стоячей волны при отражении от ионосферы мощной радиоволны, создаваемой излучением в зенит передатчиками среднеширотного нагревного стенда СУРА. Во время локации периодической структуры пробными радиоволнами при выполнении условия обратного рассеяния Вульфа—Брэгга принимался рассеянный сигнал, измерялись его амплитуда и фаза. После окончания воздействия на ионосферу ИПН постепенно исчезали (релаксировали). Исследованы вариации характеристик рассеянных сигналов. Во время затмения амплитуда рассеянного сигнала возрастала на 30–40 дБ, время релаксации — в 1.5–2.0 раза. В отдельных случаях наблюдалось расслоение амплитуды сигнала в D-области, обусловленное расслоением профиля электронной концентрации.&#13;
На основе анализа высотных профилей времени релаксации получены температура и плотность нейтральной компоненты, высота турбопаузы и турбулентная скорость. Скорость вертикального регулярного движения плазмы на каждой высоте измерялась по временному изменению фазы рассеянного сигнала. По результатам измерения характеристик рассеянных сигналов во время четырех частных зат-мений получено уменьшение температуры нейтральной компоненты в среднем на 50–70 K. В вариациях температуры, вертикальной скорости плазмы, высоты турбопаузы наблюдались глубокие квазипериодические вариации с периодами от 15 мин до нескольких часов, характерными для распространения внутренних гравитационных волн. В высотных профилях температуры и скорости отмечались высотные изменения с масштабами от 5 до 30 км. Сравнение с результатами исследований нижней ионосферы в восходно-заходные часы показало идентичность ее реакции во время частного затмения и перехода к ночному режиму. По измерениям методом частичных отражений во время затмения 01.08.2008 наблюдалось уменьшение электронной концентрации в области D в 3–5 раз. Сделан вывод о значительном изменении во время затмения как ионизованной, так и нейтральной составляющих атмосферы на высотах нижней ионосферы.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We present the results of experimental studies into the response of Earth’s lower ionosphere to a partial solar eclipse. The studies have been carried out using the method of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic irregularities (APIs) in ionospheric plasma. The irregularities were created in the field of a standing wave when a powerful radio wave, generated by radiation to the zenith by transmitters of the mid-latitude SURA heating facility, was reflected from the ionosphere.  During the eclipse, the scattered signal amplitude increased by 30–40 dB, and the relaxation time increased 1.5–2.0 times. In some cases, stratification of the signal amplitude in the D-region was observed due to stratification of the electron density profile. By analyzing altitude profiles of relaxation time, we obtained neutral component temperature and density, height of the turbopause, and turbulent velocity. The velocity of vertical regular motion of plasma at each height was measured from the time variation in the scattered signal phase. From the results of measurements of scattered signal characteristics during four partial eclipses, we have obtained that the neutral component temperature decreases, on average, 50–70 K. Variations in the temperature, vertical plasma velocity, and turbopause level exhibited deep quasi-periodic variations with periods from 15 min to several hours, typical of internal gravity wave propagation. The vertical temperature and velocity profiles showed changes with altitude on scales ranging from 5 to 30 km. Comparison between the results of studies of the lower ionosphere during sunrise-sunset hours has revealed that its response during a partial eclipse and the transition to the night regime is identical. According to the measurements by the partial reflection method, during the August 01, 2008 eclipse there was a decrease in the electron density in the D-region 3–5 times. We have concluded that during an eclipse there was a significant change in both the ionized and neutral components of the atmosphere in the lower ionosphere.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ионосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>плазма</kwd>
    <kwd>нейтральная атмосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>затмение Солнца</kwd>
    <kwd>восход</kwd>
    <kwd>заход</kwd>
    <kwd>высокочастотный нагрев</kwd>
    <kwd>искусственные периодические неоднородности</kwd>
    <kwd>температура</kwd>
    <kwd>вертикальная скорость</kwd>
    <kwd>турбулентность</kwd>
    <kwd>внутренние гравитационные волны</kwd>
    <kwd>стенд СУРА</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ionosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>plasma</kwd>
    <kwd>neutral atmosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>solar eclipse</kwd>
    <kwd>sunrise</kwd>
    <kwd>sunset</kwd>
    <kwd>high-frequency heating</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial periodic irregularities</kwd>
    <kwd>temperature</kwd>
    <kwd>vertical velocity</kwd>
    <kwd>turbulence</kwd>
    <kwd>internal gravity waves</kwd>
    <kwd>SURA facility</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по проекту № FSWR-2023-0038 по базовой части государственного задания Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации. Эксперименты по созданию ИПН на стенде СУРА в 2022–2023 гг. проводились в рамках гранта РНФ № 21-72-10131</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under project No. FSWR-2023-0038 in the basic part of the Government assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Experiments on generation of APIs by the SURA facility in 2022–2023 were financially supported by RSF (Grant No. 21-72-10131)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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